Bone Marrow
It is a soft spongy tissue in the center of certain bones, such as the hip bone and thigh bone.
Thymus
This organ is located in the upper chest beneath the breast bone.
Lymphatic System
Known as the "Major part of immune system"
Lymph
This is also called the lymphatic fluid
Lymph Nodes
It is a bean shaped gland that monitors and cleanse the lymph as it filters the nodes.
Collecting Ducts
This duct connects to the subclavian vein, which returns lymph to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic Vessels
It collects and filter lymph (at the nodes)
Thoracic Ducts
This connects to the subclavian vein, which returns lymph to the bloodstream
Bone Marrow
It is a key component of the lymphatic system, producing the lymphocytes that support the body's immune system
Red Blood Cell
This carries oxygen to the body
White Blood Cell
This fights off infections
Platelet
This helps with blood clotting
Spleen
It is located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity (behind the stomach).
White Pulp
It contains lymphocytes and macrophages.
Red Pulp
Site for destruction of injured RBC
Leukocytes
These are cells in the immune system that are involved in defending the body against infection and foreign materials.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
All leukocytes are produced and derived from the multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as
Lymphocytes
These cells allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them
Eosinophils
It contains a highly harmful protein to large parasitic worms. It regulates the release of serotonin and histamine as well.
Basophils
It contains histamine and other bioactive mediators of inflammation.
Pancytopenia
A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood.
Spleen
It is the largest lymphatic organ, located in the left side under the ribs and above the stomach.
Mast Cells
This cell contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin
Mast Cells
This medication is an anticoagulant and is given to patients who are bedridden because they are prone to blood clots or thrombosis.
Dendritic Cells
This cell is found in lymphoid tissues and other body areas where antigen enters the body.
Local Infection
This is limited to only one locality of the body.
Primary
This is a type of infection that develops in a healthy individual. It develops after initial exposure to antigen.
Secondary/Opportunistic
An infection that develops in an individual who is already infected with a different pathogen.
Acute
An infection characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression and often with severe symptoms.
Chronic
An infection characterized by delayed onset and slow progression
Systemic Infection
The infectious agent is spread throughout the system or distant parts of the body
Focal Infection
From local infection, it spreads to the other parts of the body.
Host
Any organism that harbors and provides nourishment for another organism
Reservoirs
It is a place where microorganisms lives, such as in humans, animals, in soils, food, plants, air or water.
Portal of Exit
It is the path by which the pathogen leaves its host. It usually corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized.
Mode of Transmission
It is the weakest link in the chain of infection.
Fecal-oral route
In what route the agent leaves the source host in feces
Susceptible Host
The final link in the chain
Nasal Hairs
Filter out microbes and dust in the nose
Defecation & Vomiting
Expels microbes from the body
Cilia
It traps and removes microbes and dust from the upper respiratory tract
Lysozomes
An enzyme capable of breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria
Gastric Juices
A mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and mucus.
Saliva
It washes microbes from surfaces of teeth and mucous membranes of mouth
Hyaluronic Acid
A gelatinous substance that slows the spread of microorganisms that harms the body
Sebum
Unsaturated fatty acids that provides a protective film on the skin and inhibits growth
Interferons
released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens
Complement
It refers to a group of least 20 plasma proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive state
Transferrins
Iron-binding CHONs that inhibit the growth of certain bacteria by reducing the amount of available iron
Natural Killer Cells
This cell kills a wide variety of infectious microbes and certain tumor cells.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death during early development to eliminate unwanted cells.
Fever
This enhances the innate immune defenses by stimulating leukocytes to kill pathogens.
Inflammation
Localized response in the tissue that occurs when tissues are damaged or in response to other stimuli
Monocytes
Its extra role is to present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. This causes an antibody response to be mounted.
Macrophages
Mature forms of blood monocytes
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Group of genes responsible for the recognition of self from non-self
MHC 1 or HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)
First identified in leukocytes; found on the surface of almost all hosts.
MHC 2
Found mainly on immune system cells; present antigen to T cells; antigen presenting cells
B Lymphocytes / B cells
This is a type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is essential for humoral immunity
B cells
This cells make antibodies that can bind to pathogens, block pathogen invasion, activate the complement system, and enhance pathogen destruction
T Lymphocytes / T cells
This is a type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
Natural Killer Cells / NK Cells
Not identifiable as either T cells or B cells
Stem Cell
This cell is developed in bone marrow or fetal liver diverged into two cell lines.
Infection
It is the colonization of a host by microbial species.
Cytokines
Regulatory proteins that are produces during all phases of an immune response.
Infections
This is classified in multiple ways. They are classified by the causative agents as well as by the constellation of symptoms and medical signs that are produced.
Local Infection
An infection that is restricted to a specific location or region within the body of the host.
Focal Infection
A local infection from which the organism spreads to other parts of the body.
Systemic Infection
An infection that has spread to several regions or areas in the body of the host; It is an infection that affects the bloodstream
Interferons
This protect neighboring cells from invasion by intracellular
Interleukin I
Mediator of the inflammatory response
Interleukin II
Necessary for the proliferation and function of helper T, cytotoxic T, B cells, and NK cells
Interferon
Protect neighboring cells from invasion by intracellular parasites including viruses, rickettsia, malarial parasites, and other organisms.
Thymic Stromal Cell
It provides signal that are essential for thymocyte development.
Central Medulla
This is where thymocytes migrate before leaving the thymus.
Tonsils
These lymphoid organs function is to trap pathogens from the food we eat and the air we breathe
Peyer's Patches
It is a collection of lymph nodules in the small intestines, they are the lymph nodules in the intestines