Chapter 15 - Age Of Imperialism

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

addding a territory to an existing state or country

• In 1858, India formally became a direct possession of the British Crown

• played a key role (economic, strategic, military) in the expansion and consolidation of the British Empire.

Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town, Africa, and eventually migrated inland

• 1899–1902

• a war in which Great Britain defeated the Boers of South Africa

was a Zulu chief and founder of southern Africa’s Zulu empire.

• natural selection applied to human society

• survival of the fittest

Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies

A system of British colonial rule in India

was a meeting between European powers to colonize Africa

the system of governing a country as a father would a child

absorb or adopt another culture

the struggle over the control of geographical entities with an international and global dimension, and the use of such geographical entities for political advantage.

A medicine that helped Europeans survive deadly tropical diseases such as malaria.

• was a competition between Russia and Britain for influence in Persia

• Russia wanted to protect its southern frontier and expand into central asia

• Britain wanted to protects its interests in India

• both powers sought to increase their influence in the Ottoman empire, Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.

a canal in Egypt linking the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, which also links Europe to ports in Asia and East Africa

• was king of Siam (modern-day Thailand) from 1851–1868.

• Mongkut lived as a Buddhist monk before becoming king.

• he was fond of Western philosophies and worked to modernize his kingdom.

• His educated children were able to further his progress after his death.

Indian soldiers

• Also called the uprising of 1857 or Sepoy rebellion

• several sepoy regiments and Indian rulers marched to Delhi to hail the last Mughal ruler as their leader

• in some places, British men, women and children were brutally massacred by the sepoys

• The British soon crushed the revolt and took revenge by slaughtering thousands of unarmed Indians

• modernized Ethiopia

• hired European experts to plan modern roads and bridges

• set up a western school system

• imported the latest weapons and European officers to help train his army

  • all of this helped Ethiopia keep its independence when the Italians tried to invade in 1896

• the germans triumphed only after burning acres and acres of farmland

• left thousands of local people to die of starvation

war fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French, and Turks from 1853–1856

It called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral prye

• 1769–1849

• was often called the “founder of modern Egypt”

• was the son of a military commander who died when he was a young boy

• He was appointed governor of Egypt by the Ottomans and seized power during the chaos of the civil war following Napoleon’s invasion

• set in motion a number of economic, political, administrative, and military reforms

  • His reforms were intended to secure Egyptian independence and place Egypt on the road to becoming a major Middle Eastern power

• 1772–1833

• was a founder of Hindu College in Calcutta

  • it provided an English-style education to Indians

• wanted to reform some parts of traditional Indian and Hindu culture but he also revived India’s pride in its culture

• He is considered the founder of Indian nationalism.

Reflected the European belief that colonial people were incapable of ruling themselves

• did not replace traditional rulers with European officials

• local rulers had limited power and did not influence government decisions

• Protectorate

• Sphere of influence

• Colony

• Economic imperialism

A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

• ex: Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

• ex: Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the U.S.

A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power

• ex: Somaliland in East Africa was a french colony

An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments

• ex: the dole fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

• Nationalism

  • to gain power and display national pride

  • Europeans competed for colonies and trade

• Economic Competition

  • Demand for raw materials and new markets

• Missionary Spirit

  • Spread Christianity teaching to the world

Europeans argued they were superior to all others and imperial conquest of weaker races was simply nature’s way of improving human species.

During the Industrial Revolution, the western world advanced in sciences, technology, transportation, industry, and communication. These advances gave the western world the tools they needed to expand their overseas empires.

• they explored the rivers of Africa

• adventurers mapped out the course and sources of the great African rivers such as the Niger, the Nile, and the Congo

• Missionaries sought to spread Christianity

  • took a paternalistic view of Africans

• David Livingstone

  • was a British doctor and missionary and explorer who influenced Western attitudes toward Africa.

• The Berlin Conference