adaptive strategies
the way humans adapt to the physical and cultural landscape they are living in
agrarian
people or societies that are farmers so they promote agricultural interest, characteristics of farmers, their way of life
agricultural industrialization
the use of machinery in agriculture, tractors
agricultural landscape
the land we farm on and what we choose to put on the field, shows outcome of interaction between agriculture, natural resources and the environment
agricultural orgin
humans were at first nomadic hunters and gatherers, moving to find new food
agriculture
the deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock fo sustenance or economic gain
animal domestication
the process by which wild animals are cultivated into a resource supply for humans, resulting in physical and behavioral changes, dogs, horses
collective farm
a system of agricultural organization where farm laborers are not compensated via wages, ex. soviet union used it to boos their economy
commercial agriculture
agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
intensive commercial agriculture
activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield
extensive commercial agriculture
crop or livestock system in which land quantity or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs.
core (country)
well developed with strong economic base
periphery (country)
less developed, economically poor country
crop
any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend from 1 place to another overtime
primary economic activities
anything to do with harvesting, mining raw materials, fishing, farming
secondary economic activities
processing, refining of natural resources, factory work, timber into furnature
tertiary economic activities
anything that has to do with sale, exchange of goods, retail, real estate
quaternary economic activities
generation of knowledge and the sharing of research, teaching, medical service
quinary economic activities
facilitating complex decision-making and the advancement of human capacities, government officials
farming
the effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and raising livestock for sustenance or economic gain
1st agricultural revolution
transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining
globalized agriculture
a system of agriculture built on economic and regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization
green revolution
rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers
hunting and gathering
the killing of wild animals and fish as well as gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance
planned economy
economic system in which a single agency makes all decisions about the production and allocations of goods and services
plant domestication
process where wild plants are cultivated into productive crops, often with more desirable traits
rural settlement
sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities, live in villages, farms
dispersed rural settlement
a pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
nucleated rural settlement
clustered village pattern, close together
building materials of rural settlements?
wattle, brick, wood, stone?
village form of rural settlement?
reflect historical circumstances, the nature of the land, and economic conditions?
2nd agricultural revolution
the increased technology from the industrial revolution (happened at the same time) as a way to increase farm productivity through mechanization
subsistence agriculture
agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family
survey patterns(metes and bounds)
uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances to define the boundaries of a particular piece of land
long lot system
by french, in french regions of North America, long rectangular plots of farmland to give equal access to the river
township and range
a rectangular land division scheme, disperse settlers evenly across farmlands if U.S., by Thomas Jefferson
3rd agricultural revolution
animal/plant breading with another, hybridization, genetic engineering of products, and the increased use of pesticides and fertilizers
chemical farming
farming techniques that use high quantities of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to accommodate genetically modified seeds or less fertile soil
mechanization
the replacement of human labor with technology or machines