DT Half Term 2

Materials that are naturally formed either grown as a plant or produced by an animal.

cotton, wool, silk

man made fabrics produced from polymers

polyester, polyamide(nylon), elastane(Lycra)

Materials which have a mixture of different fibres, uses to improve properties

polycotton

is shirts, can have different colours incorporated into the warp and weft or patterns printed on them

Plain weave

warp- runs along the length

weft- runs from weft to right

fabric is laminated together to improve the properties of the fabric: may include waterproofing layers

can be created from both natural and manmade fibres but also combination of both

made with a continuous piece of yarn

yarn is looped together to create a piece of fabric which can be stretched

bleed proof

cartridge paper

grid

layout paper

tracing paper

texture and coated paper, design ideas and final designs

thick white paper with a rough surface, pencil and ink drawings, sketching and watercolour

paper with a printed grid,graphical scientific and mathematical diagrams

thin, medium opacity, creating sketches and working ideas

low opacity, copying and tracing images, adaptations and working drawings

Corrugated board

duplex boards

foil lined board

foam core board

inkjet card

solid white board

folded internal structure to improve strength, packaging, boxes and impact protection

2 layers of card bonded together, cheaper version of white card for packaging, waxy coating used for food and drinks

foil lined, takeaway containers and lids retains heat for longer

foam core smooth surface, models, prototyping

smooth white finish, high quality photographic images

high quality card, greeting cards, packaging, advertising

materials designed after ww2

single atom thick, lightweight, flexible , excellent electrical conductor, potentially medical or electronical and energy industries

foam like structure within a piece of metal, aluminium or titanium, lightweight but retains metal properties, medical implants, aircraft, car parts

often alloyed with other metals to change properties, non-reactive in the human body, high strength to weight ratio, jewellery, watches, medical

fully biodegradable if composted, 90 days to break down, can be used for food packaging cannot be recycled

liquid crystal displays, low cost, thin compact, watches, simple displays, TV screens

between 1 and 100 nanometres in size, carbon nanotubes, used to aid with miniaturisation of products, protective coatings and films

materials that react to an external stimulus

resist being deformed, return to original shape when either heat or electricity is applied, used in dental braces, frames fr glasses, expanding stents

when squeezed or put under pressure create an electrical voltage, emit sounds, sparks, speakers, clocks and inkjet printers

react to heat and change colour, used to indicate if specific temperature has been reached, powder pigment that can be added to a range of materials

react to UV light and change colour/ dark, pigments can be added to fabrics plastics and paints, sunglasses that change colour when sun levels a higher or lower

2 or more different materials are combined to make a new material and improve functionality

glass fibre matting and plastic resin are combined, layers of matting is placed on a mould and the resin is added/ painted/ spread on, multiple layers

carbon fibre cloth combined with plastic resin, high strength to weight ratio

Furniture, bathroom furniture, dinghy hulls, car body parts, pipes, helmets

Supercar and sportscar parts, sports equipment, boats, prosthetics etc

textiles which allow an electrical current, clothing to improve safety-LEDs

Nomex and Kevlar, withstand high temperatures, strong, gloves for using a blowtorch

Strong and hard-wearing material, cut and tear resistance, high thermal protection, non-flammable, chemical resistance, fibres are spun and woven into fabric

5x finer than human hair, synthetic, cleaning cloths, medical uses

Traps liquid or solid substances within the fibres of fabrics, used for insect repelling clothing

Reducing the amount of material or energy required to manufacture or run a product

Use a product again (avoiding single use products), this could be for the same function or a different function

Break an item down into its separate materials and make them back into stock forms to be used again

Refuse to buy a product if it is not sustainably created or refuse to design a product that is not needed

Replace broken parts, rather than buying new,Designers can choose to create products that are easy for consumers to repair

Is the product needed? Can a product be reanalysed to check if it can be improved and have less environmental impact?

Refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, recylce

consider processes and products throughout the process and products throughout the manufacture to see if they can reduce the impact it makes on the environment.

Making the manufacture as efficient as possible, product are ordered when required, delivered when needed, reduce cost regarding storage, aiming to reduce waste of materials and time

new products are manufactures and there is risk to environmental pollution

greenhouse gases significantly increasing contributing to the change in climate

trees are felled to make the products

creates a lot of dust and can affect water table, produces lots of carbon dioxide

less visual impact, causes sinkholes and pollution of water and produces carbon dioxide, loud noise levels, damage to roads,air pollution

gas, oil and shale gas can be extracted by drilling, risk of pollution

the total distance all components have travelled to become a product

the amount of carbon emitted during a process

training, risk assessments, PPE, the local environments/ residents

if a worker is expected to complete a task that involves risk they need to be trained

identify hazards and protect workers, frequently reviewed

must be supplied by the employer, gloves, aprons, glasses, ear defenders

Risks to those living near: noise, air and water table pollution

Computer aided design, viewed from all angles, items can be drawn and developed quickly, expensive to set up, need the correct skills- may need training

computer aided manufacture, fast and accurate production, machines can run constantly, expensive to set up, needs skilled workforce of specialist training