Chapter 3 - Cells 

________ that carry out photosynthesis include plants and some protists.

________- flattened sacs of internal membranes inside the chloroplasts.

________ and carbohydrates protruding from animal cells are crucial for cell communication.

________- composed of tubulin proteins.

________ tails has nonpolar bonds which repel water.

________- composed of actin proteins.

________- Sperm uses this to swim.

________- Folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

________ has polar bonds which are attracted to water.

________- channels that pass through the plant cell wall.

________ are- prokaryotic, lack membrane- bounded organelles, and their ribosomes and DNA are free in the cytoplasm.

________- space inside the mitochondria.

They originate at the ________ and contain enzymes that digest then oxidize certain toxic molecules.

________- space inside the chloroplast.

________- have varied protein composition.

________ are the- most ancient forms of life.

________- Needed by airway cells to push particles like dust out of respiratory tract.

________- neither a solid nor a liquid.

________- are what plasmodesmata is to plant cells.

________- there are polar and nonpolar regions in the same molecule.

________- a network of protein tracks and tubules found in eukaryotic cells.

________ is an example of a membrane steroid.

________ are sugars are attached to some of the protein and phospholipids in cell membranes.

________ are- eukaryotic.

Its functions are ________, aids in cell division, organelle transport, and cell movement.

________ protrude outward from the cell membrane.

________- aid in digestion.

________ are- phospholipid bilayers.

The ________ consists of- the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane.

Regardless of size, all cells have- ________, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane.

________- organelles that convert energy from sunlight into glucose, which is food for the cell.

A(n) ________ is the smallest unit of life that can function independently.

________- extract energy from food.

The ________ to the mitochondria, which extract the energy used for cellular processes.

It is selectively permeable to lipids and small, ________.

________- contain hydrolytic enzymes.

________ involved in protein production.

________ make up the cell membrane.

________ are surrounded by a wall.

A(n) ________ (TEM) is a very powerful tool for- seeing internal cell structures.

________ is synthesized in the- nucleus.

________ allows the cell to- quickly exchange materials with its surroundings.

________ have more surface area relative to their volume.

The contents of the ________ are expelled to the outside of the cell.

________: cell membranes contains either linkages; cell walls lack peptidoglycan.

________ are used to- view the parts of the cells, and viruses, which are smaller and require higher magnification.

________- converts sugars energy into a form the cell can use for work.

________ are used to- view the entire cell.

Each ________ has a variety of cell types.

________ occurs in central vacuoles in plant cells which also help regulate the size and water balance of plant cells.

1800s, after it became possible to student using microscopes

view the entire cell

view the parts of the cells, and viruses, which are smaller and require higher magnification

seeing internal cell structures

details on cell surfaces

genetical material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

bounded Organelles

quickly exchange materials with its surroundings

Bounded Organelles

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most ancient forms of life

cell membranes contains either linkages; cell walls lack peptidoglycan

larger and more complex, with many internal parts including a nucleus and other membranous organelles

eukaryotic

bounded organelles

eukaryotic

related organelles

Forms a barrier between the cells and the outside world

a molecule of glycerol, a phosphate group, and 2 fatty acids

amphipathic with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

there are polar and nonpolar regions in the same molecule

phospholipid bilayers

Transport proteins, Enzymes, Recognition Proteins, Adhesion Proteins, Receptor Proteins

cell communication

the membrane at the right level of fluidity

neither a solid nor a liquid

forms a fluid mosaic

controls protein production

synthesizes ribosomes in protein production

nucleus

the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane

contain hydrolytic enzymes

aid in digestion

extract energy from food

space inside the mitochondria

Folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane

converts sugars energy into a form the cell can use for work

organelles that convert energy from sunlight into glucose, which is food for the cell

space inside the chloroplast

flattened sacs of internal membranes inside the chloroplasts

a network of protein tracks and tubules found in eukaryotic cells

composed of actin proteins

have varied protein composition

composed of tubulin proteins

Needed by airway cells to push particles like dust out of respiratory tract

Sperm uses this to swim

Provide mechanical strength, regulate volume, prevent cells from bursting, and role in cell specialization

channels that pass through the plant cell wall