Kinesiology

facing forward ventral

toward back/rear dorsal

toward head cranial

toward feet causal

toward midline of body

toward side of body

Divides body into left and right Anteroposterior Plane Movements: flexion, extension, hyperextension

Divides body into front and back Coronal/lateral plane Movements: abduction and adduction

Divides body into upper and lower Horizontal/axial plane Movement: rotation

skull, vertebrae, thorax

limbs

Long shaft with articular surfaces at/near ends Major bones of arms and legs

almost equal length and width Bones of wrists and ankles

scapula and sternum

Irregular in shape Vertebrae

Embedded in tendons Patella

bone will form in areas of stress and resorb in areas of disuse

loss of bone tissue with age

critically low bone mineral density

depressed (concave) area on the bone (fossa + condyle of adjacent bones fit together- joint)

rounded (convex) spot (often near/at end) (fossa + condyle of adjacent bones fit together- joint)

raised area where a ligament/tendon attaches

Immovable by design Non-axial joints skull joints, teeth and jaw joints

Slight degree of movement pubic symphysis, intervertebral articulations

Freely moveable synovial joints Uniaxial Joints, Biaxial Joints, Multi-axial Joints

amount of movement a joint can make within a plane without causing pain

Can withhold high forces without breaking Very strong Broken: can take a long time to heal- little bloodflow

Somewhat more elastic than tendons More stretch Provide joint stability

fusiform, flat, triangular

Tendon runs along length of the muscle and fibers are oriented at an angle towards it

muscle fibers insert on 1 side

muscle fibers insert on both sides

measure of the turning effect produced by the force around an axis F (N) x Moment Arm (m)

O - RF - EF Wheelbarrow mechanical advantage: >1 Rare in human body

O - EF - RF Tweezers mechanical advantage: <1 Common in human body

no axis glide movement

1 axis hinge or pivot

2 axis up and down and side to side

special to the thumb gives us grip to pick things up

over 2 axis rotation