Chapter 2: Crime Scene Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

a bodily fluid circulating within the body.

An average adult has a blood volume of approximately ______ of his or her body weight.

Blood consists of a cellular portion as well as a liquid portion known as _____.

______ consists of blood cells and platelets.

It is mostly composed of water and other substances such as proteins, inorganic salts, and other organic substances.

Blood can form clots (or thrombi) that are the result of ________Blo.

A measure of the blood’s resistance to flow.

______ causes liquids to minimize their surface, making the formed blood drop spherical.

Bloodstains that land on porous or rough surfaces usually have more _____ around the edges of the stains than those that land on smooth surfaces.

Many chemical reagents react with blood to exhibit a color, a chemiluminescent light, or a fluorescent light. These tests are extremely sensitive and thus are used as __________ for detecting bloodstains.

Used for locating bloodstains at the scene.

Other reagents such as phenolphthalein, leucomalachite green, and tetramethylbenzidine are not often used as enhancement reagents but rather as _______ for blood.

An _____ provides an overall view of the scene including the bloodstain evidence.

A _____A close-up photograph, usually taken with a macro lens, provides a detailed image of single bloodstains, which is useful for spatter pattern analysis. provides more details of the bloodstain pattern compared with that of the overall photograph.

A _______, usually taken with a macro lens, provides a detailed image of single bloodstains, which is useful for spatter pattern analysis.

A bloodstain resulting from a blood drop dispersed through the air due to an external force applied to a source of liquid blood.

Formed when in a blood source is subjected to a force associated with beatings or stabbings. The resulting stains range from 1 to 4 mm in diameter.

Formed when a blood source is subjected to a force associated with shooting using firearms. The resulting stains are usually <1 mm in diameter.

The characteristic of a bloodstain that indicates the direction blood was moving at the time of deposition.

The resulting spatter stain is an elongated ellipse.

A smaller bloodstain that originated during the formation of the parent stain as a result of blood impacting a surface.

The acute angle (alpha), relative to the plane of a target at which a blood drop strikes the target.

When a blood drop lands on a surface at a perpendicular angle (90°), a ________ is formed, where the length and the width of the stain are equal.

When a blood drop is projected onto a surface at an angle of between 0° and 90°, the stain is _______.

The three-dimensional location from which spatter originated. It can be determined based on the measurements from multiple elongated spatter stains.

In the ______, multiple well-formed, elongated spatter stains are selected for analysis.

In the _____, the directionality of a single stain is determined first.

The area containing the intersections generated by lines drawn through the long axes of individual stains that indicates in two dimensions the location of the blood source.

It is formed due to bleeding from wounds, and the blood is deposited on a surface by the influence of the force of gravity alone.

Formed when a falling drop of blood from an exposed wound or a blood-bearing object lands on a surface.

If a blood source is moving, a ______ is formed.

Formed when a liquid drips into another liquid, where one or both of the liquids are blood.

Formed when a volume of blood spills onto a surface. It usually has large stains surrounded by numerous, peripheral, elongated bloodstains.

Caused by the movement of a large volume of blood on a surface either due to gravity or to the movement of the target such as a victim or postmortem disturbance.

A bloodstain resulting from the accumulation of liquid blood on a surface.

If blood is coagulated, ________ clots can be observed.

Which consists of the liquid portion of the blood after a clot is formed, may also be present.

A bloodstain resulting from contact between a blood-bearing surface and another surface.

A bloodstain pattern resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood-bearing surface onto another surface, with characteristics that indicate relative motion between the two surfaces.

An altered bloodstain pattern resulting from an object moving through a preexisting wet bloodstain.

A type of wipe pattern, is a bloodstain that is disturbed before it is dried but it maintains the peripheral characteristics of the original stain.

Formed when a volume of blood is deposited on a surface under a pressure or a force that is greater than the force of gravity.

Formed when an object strikes liquid blood.

Formed when blood drops are released from a moving blood-bearing object.

Formed when blood drops travel from an exit wound in the same direction as a projectile.

Formed when blood drops travel from an entry wound in the opposite direction of a projectile.

Formed when blood is forced by airflow through the trachea and out of the nose or mouth.

Associated with wounds damaging arterial blood vessels where blood stains are driven by arterial pressure.

At a crime scene, if the projectile of bloodstains is blocked by an object, a ________ is formed, which exhibits an area where there is an absence of blood surrounded by continuously distributed bloodstains