Theology MIdterm

The categories of the sacraments.

• Initiation - Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist

• Service - Holy Orders, Matrimony

• Healing - Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick

The purpose of the sacraments, and how they are connected to a holy life.

• be an outward sign of inward grace

• the touchstone of grace

• lead to unity with God and his church

The Eastern Catholic terms for mass and the sacrament

Mass-  divine liturgy

The Sacrament- holy mysteries

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, fear of the lord

wisdom

seeing things from God’s POV

understanding

perspective on things beyond ourselves

counsel

helps make good decisions

fortitude

courage

knowledge

recognition of earthly temptations

piety

devotion to God

fear of the lord

resolve not to offend God

The Fruits of the Holy Spirit.

charity,  joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, generosity,  faithfulness, modesty, self-control, Chasity

The Sacraments of Initiation

baptism

confirmation

eucharist

Baptism form and matter

form: trinitarian formula

matter: water

Confirmation or Chrismation form and matter

form: be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit

matter: oil

Eucharist form and matter

form: this is my body, this is my blood

matter: bread and wine

Penance and Reconciliation form and matter

form: through the ministry….absolve you of your sins

matter: penitents’ contrition, confession, and satisfaction for sin

Anointing of the sick form and matter

form: through this holy anointing… may the lord share his love and mercy

matter: oil, anointing

Holy Orders form and matter

form: words

matter: laying of hands

Matrimony form and matter

form: vows

matter: consent of the people

The origin of the sacrament of Confirmation

Pentecost, when the HS came down on the Apostles. Sealing with the gift of the HS was part of Baptism in the early centuries of the church

The connection of Baptism with Confirmation

• The origin of confirmation perfects the grace of Baptism

• we renew our Baptismal vows at confirmation

Who may perform the Sacrament of Confirmation?

bishops, but priests under specific circumstances(authority of  bishop)

How the Sacrament of Confirmation has changed over the centuries, and how it has not changed.

after 5th century AD, Confirmation became a separate ceremony, due to infant baptism becoming the norm.

The connections of the Sacrament of Eucharist to the Old Testament

• Abraham and Malkizadek - offering of bread and wine to God in Gen 14

• Jesus is the Passover lamb  - death of innocence = salvation

• the last supper was a Passover meal

• Thank offering of Bread and Wine (Todah in Hebrew, Eucharist in Greek) common in Isreal from the time of King David

How the Sacrament of Eucharist has changed over time, and how it has stayed the same.

• the mass used to be in latin the altar used to face away from the congregation

• the essential elements have not changed

The Effects of the Sacrament of Eucharist

• Absolution of venial sins

• aid in avoiding mortal sin

• unites us to God and the church more fully

The two major parts of the Mass.

• Liturgy of the Word

• Liturgy of the Eucharist

What is required to receive Eucharist?

• Must be baptized

• state of grace

• age of reason

• instruction in the sacrament

The Four elements of Reconciliation.

• contrition(sorrow and repentance)

• confession(you go in and admit to past sins)

• satisfaction(penance)

• absolution(in persona Christi says the prayer and gets you covered)

The difference between Mortal and Venial sin.

• Mortal: a serious offense, characterized by the following things

• Venial:  a sin that is not mortal is venial (not as bad)

The reason Reconciliation includes a confession to a priest.

• because that's the method of forgiveness that Jesus Himself established during His earthly ministry

• the priest acts in persona christi**, as authorized by the Church, which was authorized by Jesus to forgive sins. Additionally, confession to a fellow human acknowledges that our sins have real-world consequences and affect the people around us.**

The Effects of Reconciliation

• forgiveness of sins

• peace of conscience

• resistance to temptation

• spiritual consolation

The purpose of the Sacrament of Anointing

• helps unite those who are suffering with Jesus' saving and healing power

Who may receive Anointing of the Sick

• someone gravely ill

• the elderly

• anyone about to undergo serous surgery

• someone in immediate danger of death

• someone who is unconscious, but not dead

• dead people can’t get anointed

Effects of Anointing of the Sick

• Union of the sick to christ, and the passion of christ

• absolution for sins, for someone not able to confess

• Preparation for crossing over into eternal life

• strength, peace, and courage to endure suffering

• physical healings, if conducive to spiritual healing

Three forms of anointing of the sick

• inside the church

• outside the church

• emergency rite

How redemptive suffering is supposed to work, and what it is not supposed to be.

• it joins our pain to the pain of Christ’s suffering, not supposed to be something we seek

The circumstances under which a non-clerical baptism is valid

• emergency

• clear intent to baptize

• water

• trinitarian formula

• desire to be baptized

How the catechumenate has changed throughout history.

• Catechumens used to only be adults

• baptized at the easter vigil

• later infant baptism became normal

• catechumenate largely went away

revived at the second Vatican council as RCIA Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults) \n

Extreme Unction

“last anointing”, referred to the time that the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick is received just before death

Redemptive suffering

the joining of our pain to the pain of Christ’s suffering remits punishment due to sin

Perfect contrition

a repentant for sins that are motivated by love and faith

Seal of confession

absolute duty of priests or anyone who happens to hear a confession not to disclose anything that they learn from penitents during the course of the sacrament of Penance(confession)

Absolution

forgivness for sins

Examination of conscience

• honest assessment of how well we have lived God’s covenant of love

• before going to confession you must do this

Transubstantiation

the changing of the bread and wine into the body and blood of christ

Viaticum

the Eucharist as given to a person near or in danger of death.(given as part of the anointing of the sick)

Real Presence

Jesus is in the body and blood (wine and bread)

Passover

the commemoration of liberation of the Jews from Egypt. symbolically points to the crucifixion of Jesus of the lamb reflects the death of the innocent, perfect sacrifice

Chrism

he sacred/blessed oil used in baptism, confirmation, and anointing of the sick

Sponsor

one who stands with the recipient during a confirmation

Evangelization

to preach/spread the gospel

Paschal Mystery

the death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ

Invocation

calling down of the Holy Spirit

Liturgy

form of public worship

Eastern Catholic Churches

churches of the east that are in communion with Rome

Catechumen

candidate for baptism

Neophyte

those newly received into the church through the sacraments of initiation at the Easter vigil

Candidate

someone who is baptized but not in full communion with the Church

Easter Vigil

when ancient baptisms took place, now when RCIA Baptists take place

Baptism of desire

the belief that catechumens who die before receiving the sacrament of baptism receive forgiveness for their sins and experience God's saving mercy

Baptism of blood

the belief that martyrs were baptized in their martyrdom

Rite of Election

moment when a catechumen is presented to the congregation, a few weeks prior to being baptized