Studied by 7 peoplewhat bones are in the axial skeleton?
skull, sternum, ribs
what bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
mandible, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic grade, sacral, coccygeal, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals
what are the functions of the axial skeleton?
protection, attachment, support, movement
what are the functions of the appendicular skeleton
attachment, support, movement, to store minerals, produce red and white blood cells
what are the four types of bone?
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
what are examples of a long bone?
femur and humerus
what are examples of a short bone
carpals and tarsals
what are examples of a flat bone
ribs and cranium
what is an example of an irregular bone?
vertebrae
what is an example of a sesamoid bone?
patella
what does a long bone structure consist of?
epiphysis, spongy bone, articular cartilage, diaphysis, compact bone, bone marrow, marrow cavity, blood vessel and periosteum
superior
above or nearer to the head
inferior
below or further away from the head
proximal
closer to the center of the body
distal
further away from the center of the body
medial
closer to the midline of the body
lateral
away from the midline of the body
posterior
behind or nearer to the back
anterior
in front of the body
tendons
strong strips which attach muscles to bones
ligaments
strong bands that connect bones to bones at joints
cartilage
soft cushioning that covers the ends of bones and acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction
joints
the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement
what are the three types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
fibrous joint movement
no movement
cartilaginous joint movement
limited movement
synovial joint movement
most common joint and freely moving that contain synovial fluid
features of a synovial joint
articular cartilage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, meniscus, bursae
articular cartilage
thin line of hyaline cartilage that allows joint movement, protects from dislocation, reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects the bones
synovial fluid
liquid that coats and lubricates articular cartilage preventing friction
synovial membrane
lubricates the joint cavity reducing friction
meniscus
discs made out of fibrocartilage pads found between articulating bones, allow bones to fit together tightly and provide cushioning for joint
bursae
small fluid-filled sacs which prevent friction
list the different types of synovial joints
hinge, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, gliding
hinge
flexion and extension eg elbow
pivot
rotation of one bone around another eg top of neck
ball and socket
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation eg shoulder joint
condyloid
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction eg wrist joint
saddle
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction eg thumb
gliding
gliding movements eg tarsal bones
Note
Flashcard