Chapter 6: Separation Methods

________ is capable of separating DNA fragments that differ by only one base pair in size.

He revolutionized analytical chemistry by developing a separation method that has evolved into a whole family of analytical techniques applicable to a huge variety of mixtures of solids, liquids, and vapors, over a large temperature range, whether they are soluble in solvents or not.

________ is the one that releases neither H3O+ nor OH− ions when dissolved.

It involves the separation of two or more substances in an analyte through a process where two solvents are employed.

If a polymer such as a fiber is heated to very high temperatures, up to ________, in the absence of oxygen, it will not burn but instead will decompose into stable fragments, called pyrolyzates.

________ or basic substance is the one that releases hydroxide (OH−) ions when dissolved in water.

To heat in the absence of air.

A(n) ________ is the one that releases hydrogen ions H+ (they become hydrated in the presence of water, so they are in the form of H2O.

An extremely sensitive detector that is used on substances that have a halide such as chloride or bromide, or oxygen in the molecule.

________ is one of the oldest methods of separation and is still used in some applications.

It is the tendency of the compound to behave like a miniature magnet, with a positive side and a negative side.

________ have become much more efficient in separating components of an analyte and they are much more sensitive.

A modification of GC making it possible for a gas chromatograph to analyze polymers.

A technique used to isolate non-volatile mixtures.

An instrument that is used to separate components of an analyte mixture using the principles of GC.

It measures a mobile phase with an analyte dissolved in it will refract light differently than the mobile phase alone.

________ does not involve a partitioning mechanism.

Modern GC

A technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size.

________ are commonly used to separate mixtures of solids.

It is the most versatile chromatography method.

The paper acts as a(n) ________ and the ink solvent is the mobile phase.

It involves the separation of two or more substances in an analyte through a process where two solvents are employed

The competition between two solvents for an analyte

it is the tendency of the compound to behave like a miniature magnet, with a positive side and a negative side

This technique is used for very small samples

produces a small flame from the reaction of hydrogen taken from a tank and oxygen from the air

can detect and identify each analyte component as it elutes from the column

it can detect only substances that contain nitrogen or phosphorous

relies on the change in the ability of the mobile phase gas to conduct heat as it is mixed with an analyte

an extremely sensitive detector that is used on substances that have a halide such as chloride or bromide, or oxygen in the molecule

a modification of GC making it possible for a gas chromatograph to analyze polymers

The GC separates a mixture into individual components and then each one can be introduced into a special sample compartment in an FTIR

The composition of the mobile phase can be altered during the run

Measures the ultraviolet and visible spectrum of the solution as it flows through

Detect only those substances that exhibit fluorescence, such as the illicit drug LSD

Detects only conductors

Measures a mobile phase with an analyte dissolved in it will refract light differently than the mobile phase alone

Organic extractions can be done on soils and the various substances can be separated

The primary methodology used for separating and detecting short tandem repeat (STR) alleles in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide