Studied by 50 peopleWhat is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
760 mmHg
What is the respiratory pressure gradient?
760 Vs 758 mmHg
How much inhaled air is Oxygen?
21%
How much of exhaled air is oxygen?
16%
How much of inhaled air is CO2?
0.04%
How much of exhaled air is CO2?
4%
How much of inhaled air is nitrogen?
79%
How much of exhaled air is nitrogen?
79%
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Extract O2 from air Excrete CO2 and H20 Vapour Ventilate the lungs Allows us to produce sound
Does the respiratory system maintain pH of blood?
Yes
What is the standard pH range of blood?
7.35<7.45
What are the upper resp system components?
Nose nasal cavity Pharynx (3 parts)
What are the components of lower resp tract?
Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
The nose is the primary...
passageway for air entering the respiratory system
What are some functions of the nose?
Filters, warms, humidifies
How does the nose warm air?
When air passes the vascular tissue it heats the gas to body temperature
What is the structure of the nose?
External nares, nasal vestibule, septum, roof, lateral walls, floor
What tissue does the nasal conchae contain?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
The pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium contains
Numerous mucous/goblet cells Traps particles
What are some oral cavity landmarks?
Teeth Lips Tongue Hard/Soft palate Uvula
The pharynx has how many regions?
3
How many body systems share the pharynx?
2
The pharynx is 11cm long? T or F?
F - its 13cm
Where can you find the pharynx?
Anterior to cervical vertebrae, posterior to nasal/oral cavities.
Where does the oropharynx live?
Posterior to oral cavity
Where does the oropharynx cover?
Soft palate to hyoid bone (base of tongue)
How many tonsils do we have?
2 pairs
How many openings are in the nasopharynx?
2 internal nares 2 eustachian tubes
The nasopharynx contains which tonsils?
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
What epithelium lines the nasopharynx?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What functions does the oropharynx look after?
Respiratory and digestive
What is the oropharynx lined with?
Squamous stratified epithelium
The laryngopharynx is the WIDEST part of the resp tract?
FALSE - It's the narrowest
Where does the laryngopharynx extend from?
hyoid bone to esophagus
Why is the laryngopharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium
So it resists abrasion and pathogen invasion
What are the cartilages of the single larynx?
Thyroid Epiglottis Cricoid
What are the cartilages of the paired larynx
Corniculate Arytenoid Cuneiform
WHAT ARE THE BLOOD PRESSURE SOUNDS CALLED?
KOROTOFF SOUNDS
The thyroid cartilage is what shaped?
Shield shaped
What makes the thyroid cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is prominent at the
anterior surface (adams apple)
Cricoid cartilage is paired, T or F?
F
What makes cricoid cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Where is the cricoid cartilage situated?
Inferior to thyroid, anteriorly by cricothyroid ligament
What shape is the epiglottis?
Shoehorn shaped
Is a larger/more horeshoe epiglottis associated with adults or children?
Children
How is the epiglottis attached?
Inner surface of anterior wall of thyroid cartilage
Which bone does the epiglottis rise above?
Tongue and body of hyoid bone
When swallowing, the epiglottis folds over the ....
glottis
What are some functions of the larynx?
Production of sound Protect lower tract Passageway for air
The trachea is a X but Y tube
Tough but flexible
Where does the trachea end?
Level of 5th thoracic vertebra
How wide is the trachea?
2.5cm
The trachea is 20cm in length, T or F?
F, it is 10-11cm
How many rings of cartilage are in the trachea?
16-20. These are C shaped
Does the trachea divide?
Yes, it bifurcates at the carina
The trachea splits into the
R and L primary bronchus
Which is wider and shorter, the R bronchus or L
The right bronchus
How long is the bronchus
2.5cm
How many branches does the R bronchus divide into?
3, 1 for each lobe
How many branches does the L bronchus divide into?
1 for each lobe.
What are the components of the bronchial tree?
Primary bronchi, secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchiole)
What shape are the lungs?
Cone shaped
Why is the base of the lungs concaved?
To adhere to diaphragm
Is there a space between the mediastinum?
Yes
How many layers is the pleura
2
Parietal pleura covers
thoracic cage, continuous in visceral layer
What covers the lungs?
visceral pleura
The potential space in the pleura contains
Lots of fluid
Inflammation of the pleura will cause
pain
What other things can fill the pleura?
Pneumothorax (air) Haemothorax (Blood)
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