UNIT 3 NOTE CARDS

Albany Plan of Union (B.F.)

This Congress consisted of twenty representatives from the American colonies to plan how the colonies could defend themselves.

Lexington + Concord

marked the start of the American War of Independence 1775-83 in it persuaded many Americans to take up arms and support the cause of independence.

Proclamation 1763

Proclamation Line prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War.

XYZ Affair

diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Natural Rights

Rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away in the mind of John Locke: life, liberty, and property.

Valley Forge

the site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army under General George Washington

Sedition Act

curtailed the free speech rights of U.S. citizens during time of war

William Pitt

wartime political leader of Britain in the Seven Years' War and his single-minded devotion to victory over France, a victory which ultimately solidified Britain's dominance over world affairs.

Battle of Yorktown

proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nation

Boston Massacre

a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a British mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers

Paul Revere

alerting Colonial militia of British invasion before the Battles of Lexington and Concord

John Adams

an advocate of American independence from Britain, a major figure in the Continental Congress, the author of the Massachusetts constitution, and a signer of the Treaty of Paris

Sugar Act

colonial merchants had been required to pay a tax of six pence per gallon on the importation of foreign molasses

stamp act

an act passed by the British Parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American Colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Treaty of Paris

ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation

Quartering Act

stated that Great Britain would house its soldiers in American barracks and public houses

Sons/daughters of liberty

American colonists who supported the patriot cause

George Washington

commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797

Townshend Duties

duties aimed not merely at regulating trade but at putting money into the British treasury

Bill of rights

first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It spells out Americans' rights in relation to their government.

Common Sense

made a clear case for independence and directly attacked the political, economic, and ideological obstacles to achieving it

Sam Adams

one of Boston's most prominent revolutionary leaders known for his ability to harness popular resentment against Parliament's authority to tax the colonies in a productive manner

Tea Act

granted the company the right to ship its tea directly to the colonies without first landing it in England, and to commission agents who would have the sole right to sell tea in the colonies.

Whiskey rebellion

the first test of federal authority in the United States; enforced the idea that the new government had the right to levy a particular tax that would impact citizens in all states.

Shays Rebellion

informed the debate over the framing of a new U.S. Constitution, providing fuel to Alexander Hamilton and other Federalists who advocated for a strong federal government and diminished states' rights

articles of confederation

a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens

VA Plan

3 branches with bicameral legislature based on population

New Jersey Plan

same structure as AoC, unicameral legislature w/ expanded powers; equal rep.

Bundle of compromises

the upper house would have equal representation from each state, while the lower house would have proportional representation based on a state's population.

french revolution

the revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799

Thomas Paine

England-born political philosopher and writer who supported revolutionary causes in America and Europe wrote “Common Sense"

Federalist Papers

Hamilton, Jay and Madison argued that the decentralization of power that existed under the Articles of Confederation prevented the new nation from becoming strong enough to compete on the world stage, or to quell internal insurrections such as Shays's Rebellion

anti federalists

political movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution

Sedition Act

made it a crime for American citizens to "print, utter, or publish... any false, scandalous, and malicious writing" about the government

Valley Forge

the site of the 1777-78 winter encampment of the Continental Army.

Saratoga/ Yorktown

The victory persuaded France to sign a treaty with the United States against Britain. France's financial and military support contributed to Washington's victory at Yorktown in 1781, which effectively ended America's War for Independence.

Constitution

It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789 it originally comprising seven articles

Continental congress

the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution

French Indian war (7 yrs war)

conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War fought because of conflicting claims between Great Britain and France over territory and waterways, beaver trade, religious differences

John Adams

political philosopher, served as the second President of the United States

Patrick Henry

American attorney, planter, politician and orator known for declaring to the Second Virginia Convention "give me liberty or give me death,"