Intro to Sports Injuries

Occurs when can individual commits an act that is not his/her responsibility to perform

Example: you decide to perform surgery on your athlete

Occurs when an individual commits and act that is his/her responsibility to perform, but uses the wrong procedure in improper manner

Example: you do CPR on a person but blow in their ears instead of their mouth

Failure to perform an act that was your responsibility

Example: you suspect a player of having a concussion but don’t remove them from the game/practice

Total disregard of other’s safety

You should provide the athlete with all the risks for injury during sport participation

Apparent danger for athletes, unsafe conditions, and don’t warn athlete or remove them from environment

Example: practice while it’s lightning out

All athlete’s personal information should not be shared with anybody without written consent of athletes or guardians

• acts during an emergency

• Acts in good faith to help the victim

• Acts without compensation

• Is not guilty of malicious misconduct or gross negligence

“Emergency binder” that contains the following:

• medical information on all athletes

• EAP

• who is in charge of injured athletes

• Who calls ambulance

• Who meets ambulance at door/gate

• Who needs to be notified

• Location of equipment

• 911 call sheet

• find information for every field your team practices/plays at

• Meet coaches/medical staff of home team prior to game to know information such as what to do if you need help, who to contact for ambulance, and where relevant equipment is

• To protect yourself in case of legal action

• To document progress and plateaus

• Remember interventions and their outcomes to help with modifying rehab plan as needed

H: history (medical conditions, general information about patient)

S: subjective (more specific to injury)

O: objective (everything that you can visually see)

A: analysis

P: plan

I: interventions

E: Evaluation post-treatment

S: subjective

O: objective

I: interventions

E: evaluation post-tx

S: subjective

I: interventions

E: evaluation post-tx

• what side (L/R)

• Positive test: what was the finding in the positive test (pain, laxity, abnormal sensation, weakness, etc)

• Negative test: include all tests/palpations even if negative

• Interventions: all parameters (sets, reps, instructions, application time, intensity)

Tissue returns to normal state after the stress is removed

Tissue is unable to return to normal state once the stress is removed

Stress needed to go from elastic to plastic deformation of a tissue

Complete failure of tissue

Stretching a tight muscle

Squeezing/condensing of tissue due to external forces that are applied directly opposite to each other

External forces opposite to each other and cause tissue to slide over adjoining surface or structure in parallel fashion

Twisting mechanism that causes rotation along the long axis or fixed point. Opposite ends of structures rotate in opposite directions

Stretching/lengthening of tissue

Deformation of tissue into convex and concave shapes

• sudden onset

• Mechanical forces that exceed the elastic properties

• Single traumatic event

• gradual onset

• Accumulation of minor insults or repetitive stress

Bruise; compression of soft tissue due to direct blow/impact sufficient to cause disruption or damage to the small capillaries in the tissue

Superficial tissue damage, no limitations in strength or ROM

Increased pain and hemorrhage caused by increased area and depth of damage, mild to moderate limitations in ROM and strength

• severe tissue compression, resulting in severe pain, hematoma

• Significant dysfunction in ROM and strength

• Suspect damage to bone and muscle

Injury to ligament/capsule structure; caused by forces that results in two or more bones to separate or go beyond their normal ROM, stretching or tearing the attaching ligaments

• mild overstretching; mild pain/tenderness over the ligament; little or no disability

• Pain at end ROM but not typically limited; no laxity

• Minor discolouration or swelling if present

• partial disruption of the ligament

• Moderate to severe pain, point tenderness, ecchymosis, swelling

• Decrease ROM; laxity; can feel endpoint

• complete disruption

• Heard a pop; rapid swelling and ecchymosis

• Moderate to severe joint instability; less painful to test than 2nd degree sprains

Stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

• microtearing, slight overstretching

• Mild pain and tenderness; full ROM (A&P); pain with R-ROM

• partial tearing of muscle or tendon fibers

• Immediate and localized pain; varying degree of swelling, ecchymosis, and decreased strength

• May be able to feel a palpable defect

• complete tear

• Palpable defect

• No strength of muscle

Transverse line of fx. Caused by lateral impact or stress fracture

Oblique line of fracture

S-shaped fracture line that twists around the bone due to torsion forces

Multiple fragments or shattering of the bone at the site of injury

The pulling away of a piece of bone secondary to tensioning of an attaching ligament, tendon, or muscle

Failure of the bone and subsequent compression of the fracture ends due to the axial compression forces

Fracture line not extending through the thickness of the bone

Incomplete fracture through the bone, most common in youths

Complete/incomplete failure of the bone due to repetitive stress or loading bone breakdown over bone production

Pain along the path of a nerve that causes compression or chronic inflammation

Thickening of nerve due to chronic irritation or inflammation