Study Guide Exam 2

is the study of structure; is the study of function.

A(n) is a group of similar cells that perform a common, simple function.

Which tissue is generally referred to as a lining tissue?

muscle tissue lines the digestive tract and is involuntary.

Tendons and ligaments are made up of tissue.

The muscle tissue attached to the skeleton and creates movement for an animal is called muscle tissue.

What type of cell is highly branched and sends electrical signals to other cells?

Epithelium is called when there are several layers and if there is only a single layer.

The matrix of vascular tissue (blood) is called .

All tissues are made up of cells surrounded by a non-living substance called a matrix.

What organ makes up the integumentary system?

Skeletal (striated) muscle tissue is . (voluntary, involuntary)

Bones are connected to other bones by . Muscles are connected to bones by .

tissue stores fat.

Tissue that covers the ends of bones and is the framework for nose and ears is tissue.

The dermis is primarily which type of tissue? What proteins are found in the dermis?

Which connective tissue has a matrix of collagen with minerals added for strength?

What is a neuron? a) is where neuron’s nucleus and most of the cytoplasm is found. b) receive impulses and conduct them towards the cell body. c) transmits and impulse from the neuron to the next cell.

Which protein is found in the upper layer of the epidermis and in hair and hails?

Name the different structures that are located in the dermis.

The epidermis in mammals is composed of 20-30 layers of what type of tissue?

Name two animal groups that have an incomplete digestive system. How is an incomplete digestive system different form one that is complete?

Proteins are broken down into nutrients called . Large carbohydrates are broken down into . Fats are broken down to form molecules called . What would the chromosomes be broken down to form? .

What are the 4 steps of food processing (in order)

A rumen (or cecum) is found in animals that are and helps with the digestion of .

Saliva not only moistens food but has an enzyme that beings the digestion of . Is this considered mechanical or chemical digestion?

The region in which the oral cavity and nasal cavity merge is known as the . The is a tube extending from the mouth to stomach.

The stomach is primarily involved in the digestion of molecules.

The first part of the small intestine is called the . What is its function?

muscle tissue lines the intestines.

What is peristalsis?

The process by which nutrients diffuse across the lining of the small intestine into capillaries is know as . This process occurs in the of the small intestine. The surface area for absorption is absorption is increased by projections called .

Compaction of wastes and water reabsorption occurs in the .

Bile is produced by the and helps break down . Where is bile stored?

Animals which eat both meat and plants are called . Flat molars would be the characteristic of .

Name the accessory glands of the digestive system. How do they help with digestion?

During swallowing, what keeps food from getting into the trachea? What keeps food from getting into the nasal cavity?

is a system of air tubes which forms the respiratory system of arthropods.

Air moves into the lungs when the contracts.

The common name for the larynx is:

The trachea branches to form two .

The functional unit of gas exchange in the lung is the .

Name the two body cavities found in the human torso: What separates the two cavities? What major organs are found in each?

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

How is an amphibian’s heart different from a mammal’s?

Which side of the heart is responsible for sending blood to all parts of the body (except the lungs)? Which side of the heart pumps the blood to the lungs?

Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are .

The pigment in blood cells is a molecule that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, Which metal is in hemoglobin?

Veins move blood (towards, away from) the heart.

The exchange of material (food/oxygen) between the blood and body tissues occurs at blood vessels called .

What is a “phagocyte"?

Besides water, what is also found in plasma?

How are erythrocytes different from most body cells?

What is the job of platelets? Leukocytes?

Anything that triggers the formation of antibodies by the immune system is called a(n) .

Which leukocytes are involved in the formation of antibodies? What are the 2 types of these cells called?

Excess fluid in the tissues is returned to blood by the system.

The small bean shaped organs which filter foreign materials from lymph are called .

Leukocytes which engulf and destroy foreign germs that have gained access into the body are called .

The body’s tendency to maintain constant internal conditions are called .

Controlling body fluids and water balance is called -regulation.

The functional unit of the kidney is the .

The tube leading from the bladder is the , the tube from the kidney to the bladder is the .

What toxic substance is formed by the breakdown of proteins? What is it converted to?

Water and beneficial ions are reclaimed as fluids moce through the .

The ball of capillaries where wastes are filtered in the nephron is called the .

Give scientific term for: white blood cells- , red blood cells- , Nerve cell- , throat-

describes animals whose body temperature is roughly the same as that of the environment, whereas describes animal who maintain a constant body temperature regardless of changes in environmental temperature.

Herbivores= Carnivores= Omnivores=

nephro-

renal

hemo-

neuro-

epi-

ecto-

endo-

-cyte or cyto-

pulmonary

homeo-/homo-

therm-

-derm

leuko-

hypo-

osmo-

phago- or -phage

marco-

Starting with the cell - be able to list the different levels of organization in an organism in order plus be able to give examples

Describe how 3 different types of mychle tissue are different.

Name the components of vascular tissue (blood) and describe the function of each.

Name and describe the 3 shapes of epithelium cells.

Know the names of the 3 layers (regions) of skin and what tissue is found in each.

Be able to name the 3 types of teeth and describe the function of each

Trace the path of food through the structures of the digestive system.

Trace the path of air through the structures of the respiratory system.

Trace the path of wastes through the structures of the urinary system.

Trace blood through the different types of blood vessels after leaving the heart.

How is an open circulatory system different from a closed system? Be able to give examples of animals that have open or closed circulation

How is a complete digestive system different from an incomplete? Be able to give examples of animals that have complete or incomplete systems.