biotic factors
living things
abiotic factors
non-living things
atmosphere
a mixture of gas (contains oxygen and carbon dioxide) that surrounds earth, protects us from UV
biosphere
the region of the Earth where life can be found, including the soil, water, and air
hydrosphere
the total amount of water on a planet
lithosphere
the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals
precipitation
any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the earth
interception
the process of interrupting the movement of water in the chain of transportation events leading to streams
infiltration
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
percolation
the movement of water through soil
channel flow
the movement of water within the river channel
evaporation
the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water
transpiration
when plants take up liquid water from soil and release water vapor into the air from their leaves
photosynthesisthe
the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
carbon cycle
nature’s way of recycling carbon atmos
water cycle
a simple circular cycle of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen moves through both living and non-living things
condensation
the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water
autotrophs
producers in food chains
heterotrophs
consumers in food chains
apex predator
any predator that has no enemies, usually on top of the food chain
open system
a system which both materials and energy are exchanged across the boundaries
closed system
a system which energy is exchanged across the boundaries but matter is not
thermodynamics
science of motion in heat
respiration
the action of breathing
entropy
how much energy is not available to work
trophic levels
the position of an organism in the food chain
non-biodegradable
those that cannot be decomposed or dissolved by natural agents