African city model
has 3 CBDs, shows colonial influence, squatter settlements, ethnic neighborhoods
Asian Tigers
HK, T, S, SK, developed in 50 years
bid-rent theory
land rent change with distance from the CBD
blockbusting
realtors breaking up ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods
boomburg
a rapidly growing suburb
brownfields
industrial polluted or contaminated areas in a city
brownfield reclamation
making brownfields useable; phytoremediation
Burgess concentric-zone model
US city model, rings, transition zone, wealth residential last ring
census data
every ten years, used for decision making
Christaller's central place theory
hexagonal pattern, central city, edge cities, towns and hamlets in a spider web pattern
de facto segregation
unintentional segregation; gentrification
decentralization
local scale; transfer of residential, retail and commercial from the core
disamenity zone
zone of no infrastructure run by gangs
ecological footprint
humans impact on the environment
edge city
decentralization from a lager loder city
environmental injustice
people of color live in polluted areas; Baton Rouge
exurb
rural affluent residential farther than the suburbs
farmland protection policies
government policies to limit urban sprawl into farmland
galactic city model
new US model; ring road; specialized growth poles (economic cores)
gentrification
not smart growth but urban renewal of the inner city
government fragmentation
urban sprawl causes edge cities and multiplet governments in the same MSA
globalization of cities
cities increase interconnectedness
gravity model
explains the pull of cities based on functions
greenbelts
urban growth boundaries to protect natural habitats and farmland, stop urban sprawl
Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model
specialized economic cores, suburban CBD
Hoyt sector model
US industrial city model; industry along transportation; high class starts at CBD
inclusionary zoning
zoning laws that require affordable housing
infilling
urban renewal building in empty or unused space
infrastructure (in cities)
determines where urban development occurs; TOD
Latin American city model
spine of good infrastructure and high class; Spanish
local food movement
CSAs,, locavorism, consuming locally grown food to reduce carbon footprint
local government fragmentation
occurs due to urban sprawl and edge cities
megacities
cities of 10 million or more
metacities
cities of 20 million or more, most in the periphery
missing middle housing
affordable multi-family housing units
mixed land use
smart growth policy, retail, commercial and residential together
New Urbanism
small scale, mixed land use, walkability, greenspace, placemaking
periphery
smaller settlements in the urban system, towns, hamlets
placemaking
deliberately shaping the landscape to reflect the values of the community
primate city
a city that is more than twice the size of the next largest, Mexico City
qualitative data
opinions
quantitative data
numbers, census data
rank-size rule
the next largest city should be 1/nth of the next largest, 12 million, 6, million 3, million
redlining
banks denying loans for "risky areas"
regional planning efforts
urban planning by city, edge cities, state and possible national, fragmented govs.
semi-periphery
in the urban system these would be edge cities
site
physical features of a location
situation
location to other cities or transportation
slow-growth cities
smart growth policy to limit urban sprawl through zoning
smart-growth policies
large scale policies to create sustainable cities, walk, MLU, compact, TOD
Southeast Asian city model
port, np formal CBD, new high class, squatter settlements
squatter settlement
residential in the periphery, do not own, little to no infrastructure
suburbanization
residential spread of cities outward
survey data
qualitative "how do you feel about affordable housing?"
sustainable design zoning
laws that encourage sustainable development
transportation-oriented development
development based on public transportation, light rail
urban decentralization
relocation of residential, retail, commercial, and then political
urban growth boundary
laws that ban development; greenbelts
urban hierarchy
the ranking of cities based on specialized functions (services)
urbanization
growth of cities
urban land use patterns
residential, retail, commercial, industrial
urban sprawl
horizontal growth of cities
urban sustainability
cities that protect the environment and resources
urban walkability
healthier cities, lower carbon footprint
world city
cites that make decisions that affect the world, New York, London, Tokyo, Beijieng
zone of abandonment
urban area that do not have residents bc of pollution or environmental risks