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Mount Hermon
Highest point in Northwestern Syria that borders the Mediterranean Sea north of Lebanon
Euphrates River
Passes through Syria on its way to Iraq
Jordan River and Transjordan Plateau
Jordan is divided into 2 regions
Aqaba
Jordan’s only access to the ocean is its port its a city in southwestern Jordan
Arabs
The majority of the Syrian and Jordanian people are
Palestinians
make up about half the population of Jordan
Islam
In both Syria and Jordan the dominant religion is
Damascus
Syria’s capital
Amman
Jordan's largest city and capital
Agriculture
is one of Syria’s largest industries
Oil and Phosphates
Syria also has two important mineral resources
Petra
Roman ruins are two historic sites that help the industry of tourism
Arable
useful for agriculture (The name of the land)
Iraq
the largest country in the Fertile Crescent
Kurds
Seminomadic people who dwell in the northeastern highlands
Islam
Iraq's official religion
Baghdad
The capital is Iraq’s largest city
Mosul
Ranks second in population. It is located in Iraq
Saddam Huessein
directed an invasion of Kuwait
Kuwait
small, oil-rich kingdom to the south, that was invaded by Saddam Hussein
Persian Gulf War
the United States led an international force against Hussein and liberated Kuwait, forcing the Iraqi troops to retreat with heavy losses
Osama Bin Laden
launched a deadly attack against the United States in the War on Terror
Al-Qaeda
An islamic terrorist organization led by Osama Bin Laden
Insurgents
Muslim terrorist groups
Arabian Peninsula
the world’s largest peninsula
Desert Climate
most of Arabia has a what climate
Persian Gulf
To the east of this arid plateau, the desert yields to more fertile lowlands along the shores of the
Seacoast
Most of the rain in Arabia falls along the
Desert, Islam, and Oil
Three characteristics dominate the Arabian Peninsula
Islam
Saudi Arabia's state religion
Al-Saud
the family in Saudi Arabia has ruled the country since 1932
Riyadh
is the capital of Saudi Arabia and the home of the ruling family
Mecca and Medina
The two cities in Saudi Arabia that hold mosques
Haj
A muslim pilgrimage; is one of the religious requirements commanded in the Koran
Koran
The holy book of islam
Minaret
narrow tower that someone calls out of in time of prayer
Muezzin
Caller of the Minaret
Wadis
Temporary rivers
Lake Van and Lake Urmia
The two largest freshwater lakes in Southwest Asia
Steppe Climate
characterized by hot summers and cold winters
Bosporus and Dardanelles
two key straits which connect the Black Sea to the Mediterranean
Mount Ararat
Turkey’s highest point; Also thought to be the place where noah landed the ark
Church of Antioch
where the disciples were first called Christians
Istanbul
Turkey’s largest city
Kemal Ataturk
Turkey’s first president
Ankara
is Turkey’s capital and second largest city
Lake Van
Turkey’s largest lake
Kizilirmak
Turkey’s longest river
Secular Islamic
Modern Turkey is considered a what state
Hazelnuts and Sultanas
On the coast, Turkish farmers grow the world’s largest crop of
Sultanas
a yellow seedless raisin
Hydroelectric
Turkey’s main power source
Hagia Sophia
magnificent cathedral built by Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great
Persia
Was Iran formerly
Iranian Plateau
Rises 4,000 feet above sea level between two mountain ranges, Elburz Mountains, and Zagros Mountains
Islam
This religion dominates Iran more than any other Middle Eastern nation
Tehran
The capital, is the largest city in Iran
Shah Reza Khan Pahlavi
renamed the country Iran and began a program of modernization, opening schools, developing industry, and building a modern transportation system
Ayatollah Khomeini
an exiled religious leader, took over the country of Iran in 1979
Iran
is the second largest producer of oil
Persepolis
capital of the Persian Empire
Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
lived under the Communist domination of the Soviet Union for 70 years before the Soviet empire collapsed in 1991
Baku
Capital and largest city of Azerbaijan
Azeris
a Turkish people, make up the majority of the population of Azerbaijan
Lake Sevan
One of the world’s largest mountain lakes, covers 5% of Armenia
Armenian Orthodox Church
A division of the Roman Catholic Church in Armenia
Yerevan
the capital and largest city of Armenia
Tbilisi
the capital of Georgia
Eastern Orthodox Church
Is a formal religion which originated in the Great Schism of 1054 when the Roman Catholic Church formally split between East and West