AP CSP EVRYTHING ON COLLEGEBOARD COURSE DESCRIPTION!! + vocab from practice tests

Data about data such as author, data created, usage, file size, etc

a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network

the foundation of the World Wide Web, and is used to load webpages using hypertext links.

a protocol used for communication throughout the internet. ( faster, less accurate)

the premier standards development organization (SDO) for the Internet.

computer systems that systematically and unfairly discriminate against certain individuals or groups of individuals in favor of others.

an algorithim that finds an approximate solution rather than an exact solution

the process of converting human-readable code into machine-readable code.

the basic scripting language used by web browsers to render pages on the world wide web. HyperText allows a user to click a link and be redirected to a new page referenced by that link.

the time it takes for data to pass from one point on a network to another.

the maximum amount of data that can be sent over a particular computer network in a fixed amount of time

a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem.

a computer program that translates assembly language code into machine code, allowing for direct communication with a computer's hardware. It converts human-readable instructions into binary code that the central processing unit (CPU) can execute.

the technology that connects your offices, data centers, cloud applications, and cloud storage together

computers or components that are readily available, inexpensive and easily interchangeable with other commodity hardware. Example: PCs

a group of servers and other resources that act like a single system and enable high availability, load balancing and parallel processing.

a process where the design of a product or application is improved by repeated review and testing.

information that cannot be counted, measured or easily expressed using numbers.

a method of encrypting or signing data with two different keys and making one of the keys, the public key, available for anyone to use. The other key is known as the private key. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key.

a method of encryption that uses just one key for both encrypting and decrypting

an approach to making great things happen in a way that increases quality of life for all involved.

can either be True or False and are stored as 16-bit (2-byte) values

the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet

Filtering out specific details to focus on the information needed to process the data

a way of hiding information

Specifications for using a library’s procedures and understanding how they behave

A not-for-profit organization that has various forms of licenses that can be used to protect the orignal work from being plagarized

a collection of precompiled procedures that can be used by other programs

a reduction of the number of bits stored or trasmitted that guarentees complete restoration of the orignal data

a significant reduction in the number of bits stored or transmitted that only allows for an approximation of the orginal data

Information about a person that can uniquely identify them, such as educational, medical, financial, or employment information

the calling of a function with the concern only for the end result rather than how the code functions

A way of describing an algorithm that is not the specific code of any language

An Internet protocol in which packets are repeated sent until reciept is confirmed

a program as an integral part of its function

physical (ex: self-driving car), nonphysical computing software(ex:picture editing software), or a nonphysical computing concept )ex: e-commenerce)

a computing innovation that refkects the diversity of talents and perspectives of those who designed it

avoid bias in the development of computing innovations

the development of computing innovations

understand the purpose of a program from diverse perspectives and to develop a program that fully incorporates these perspectives

allowing programmers to share and provide feedback on ideas and documents

pair programming, collaboration

communication, consensus building, conflict resolution, negotiation

solve problems or to pursue intrests throuhg creative expression

an improved ability to develop that computing innovation

a collection of program statements that performs a specfic task when run by a computer.

software

a collection of program statements that is part of a program

a variety of inputs and situations

a program functions during execution and is often described by how a user interacts with it

what it does, or in more detail by both what the program does and how the program statements accomplish this function

data sent to a computer for processing by a program. Input can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile, audio, visual or text.

an action and supplies input data to a program.

a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started or any other defined action occurs that affects the flow of execution

output produced by a program

triggered rather than throught the sequential flow of control

user or other programs

any data sent from a program to a device.

tactile, audio, visual, or text

a program’s input or prior state (ex: internal values)

Investigating and reflecting, designing, prototyping, testing

refinements and revision based on feedback, testing, or reflection throughout the process. This may require revisting earlier phases of the proess

one that breaks the problem into smaller pieces and makes sure each piece works before adding it to the whole

understanting and identifying the program constraints, as well as the concerns and interest of the people who will use the program.

collecting data through surveys, user tetsing, interviews, and direct observations

how a program functions and may include a description of user interactions that a program must provide

requirements for the program

how to accomplish a given program specification

brainstorming, planning and storyboarding, organizing the program into modules and functional components, creation of diagrams that represent the layouts of the user interface, and the development of a testing stregy for the program.

written description of the function of a code segement, event, procedure, or program and how it was developed. ( Programmers should document a program throughout its development)

a form of program documentation written into the program to be read by people and do not affect how a program runs.

developing and maintaining correct programs when working individually or in collaborative programming enviroments

a mistake in the algoithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly

a mistake in the program where the rules of the programming language are not followed

a mistake in the program that ccurs during the execution of a program.

an error that occurs when a computer attempts to hanfle a number that is outside of the defined range of values

test cases, hand tracing, visualizations, debuggers, and adding extra output statements

variables, lists of items, or standalone constants and can be passed as input to (or output from) procedures

bits

binary digit

0 and 1

8 bits

the process of reducing complexity by focusing on the main idea. By hiding details irrelevant to the question at hand and bringing together related and useful details, abstraction reduces complexity and allows one to focus on the idea

Abstractions… These absractions include, but are not limited to, numbers characters, and color

has values that change smoothly rather than in descrete intervals, overtime. Some examples of analog data include pitch and volume of music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

abstraction

measuring values of the analog signal at regular interval called samples. The samples are measured to figure out the exact bits required to store sample

overflow or other errors

Round-off and other errors?

data

0 and 1

0-9

reduce the size ( number of bits) of transmitted or stored data

information

the amount of redundancy in the original data representation and the compression algorithm applied

reduce the number of bits stored or transmitted while guaranteeing complete reconstruction of the original data

siginificantly reduce the number of bits stored or transmitted but only allow reconstruction of an approximation of the original data

reduce the number of bits stored or transmitted more then lossless compression algorithms

Lossless compression

Lossy compression