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what are the 3 types of connective tissue?
loose, dense, cartilage
what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?
simple, stratified, glands
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
what are the 2 types of nervous tissue?
neurons, neuroglia
what are the 4 types of simple and stratified?
squamous, cuboidal, columnar, psuedo
what are the 2 types of glands?
exorcrine, endocrine
what are the 2 types of loose tissue?
areolar, adipose
what are the 2 types of dense tissue?
irregular, regular
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
what is histology?
study of tissues
what are the 4 types of tissue?
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what is simple epithelium?
single layer of cells
what is stratified epithelium?
more than one layer of cells
what does epithelial form?
forms a protective covering over skin, forms membranes and ducts
where is epithelial tissue?
lines body cavities and hollow organs
what are the layers of epithelial tissue?
simple, stratified, psuedo-stratified
what is squamous tissue?
flat, irregular
what is cuboidal tissue?
square cells
what is columnar tissue?
long narrow cells
what is pseudo-stratified tissue?
columnar cells that appear stratified, but are not
what is transitional tissue?
square cells that flatten as they are stretched and then return to their original shape
where is simple squamous located?
capillary walls, lung aveoli, capsule in kidney
where is simple cuboidal located?
kidney, liver, glands
where is simple columnar located?
lining of the stomach, intestine, oviducts
where is pseudo-stratified located?
lining of respiratory passages
where is stratified squamous located?
outer layer of skin, lining of mouth, throat, anus, vagina
where is stratified cuboidal located?
mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands
where is stratified columnar located?
eyelids, larynx, some ducts
where is stratified transitional located?
lining of urinary bladder
what do glands do?
produce substances that are sent out to other parts of the body
what do exocrine glands do?
use ducts to deliver product to other regions
what do endocrine glands do?
use blood vessels to deliver hormones to other regions
where is exocrine glands located?
sweat and salivary glands
where is endocrine glands located?
adrenal glands and pancreas
what is connective tissue?
the supporting fabric of the body. contains large amound of matrix between cells
what does blood do?
circulates through the heart and in blood vessels
what does loose connective tissue do?
provides and protection
what does areolar tissue do?
cells in loose mixture of cells and fibers
what do adipose tissue do?
composed of cells modified to store fat; insulates the body and is stored in tissues as energy supplies
where is areolar tissue located?
around organs and vessels in membrane, under skin
where is adipose located?
padding around organs and joints, under skin
what does dense connective tissue do?
provide protection, support, flexibility, and attachment
what is irregular tissue?
collagen fibers in random arrangement
where is regular tissue located?
collagen fibers in a parallel alignment
where is irregular tissue located?
dermis, capsule of organs
what is hyaline?
a tough and clear cartilage
what is fibrocartilage?
a firm and rigid cartilage
what is elastic?
can stretch and return to original size(cartilage)
where is hyaline located?
covers end of bones, makes up tip of nose, connects ribs and sternum
where is fibrocartilage located?
between vertebre, in anterior pubic joint, knee joint
where is elastic located?
larynx, epiglottis, outer ear
what doesn’t cartilage have?
nerves or blood vessels
is skeletal tissue involuntary or voluntary?
voluntary
is cardiac tissue involuntary or voluntary?
involuntary
what does voluntary mean?
can be controlled by thoughts
what does involuntary mean?
can move with out being controlled by thoughts
is smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary?
involuntary
what are the nervous tissue componets?
brain, nerves, spinal cord
what does neuron do?
transmit nerve impulses. makes up 10%
what does neuroglia do?
support and protect nervous tissue. makes up 90%
what is the top surface of epithelial tissue?
free surface or apical surface
what is the bottom surface of epithelial tissue?
basal surface
what is the membrane under basal surface?
basement membrane
what is avascular?
no blood vessels
what epithelial tissue classified by?
number of layers and shape of cells
what is extracellular matrix?
ground substance, fibers or threads
what do osteoblasts do?
produce ground substances, fibers or threads
what do osteocytes do?
maintain bone matrix
what do fibers in blood do?
platelets during blood clotting
what are platelets?
tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding
what does blood do?
transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, & other substances
what are the 2 types of bloods?
white blood cells and red blood cells
what blood cell helps with immunity?
white blood cells
what is also referred white blood cells?
leukocytes
what are the 3 types of vascular tissue?
mast cells, macrophages, blood cells
what mast cells do?
serve as immune cells. send signals to other tissues
what are the 2 inflammatory chemicals?
heparin, histamine
what does heparin do?
prevents blood clotting
what does histamine do?
promotes reactions to allergies
what does macrophages do?
blob like cells that take over invading substances. Cell eating
what do red blood cells do?
erythrocytes(carry oxygen)
what do white blood cells do?
provide immune response
what are the functions of skin(protection)?
protect from water, air, infection, chemicals, UV radiation
what are the functions of skin(sensations)?
pressure, heat, cold, pain
what are the functions of skin(temperature regulation)?
body can be heated or cooled by sweat and blood flow near surface
what are the 3 layers of skin?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
what is stratum corneum?
a layer of 20-30 dead cells. keratinized cells to protect the deeper layers
what is stratum lucidum?
a clear thin layer of cells found in palms and soles of feet
what is stratum granulosum?
cells flatten or disintegrate. get keratin. water proof skin
what is stratum spinosum?
“spiny layer”. several thick cells. contains pre-keratin filaments
what is stratum basale?
constantly dividing and pushing up cells into next layer
what is the epidermis?
most outer layer of skin.dead cells push outwards as new cells form
what is melanin?
a pigment that deeper cells from ultraviolet rays
what do melanocytes produce?
melanin
what is the dermis composed of?
dense irregular connective tissue
what does the dermis contain?
nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles
what is the boundary between epidermis and dermis called?
dermal papillae
what does dermal papillae produce?
fingerprints(epidermal ridges)
what are fingerprints also called?
epidermal ridges
what do epidermal ridges(fingerprints do)?
increase friction. helps us pick up things more easily
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