Sports psychology

Conscious thought occurs

Trial and error occurs- performance lacks fluency

Will be jerky and make lots of mistakes

requires extrinsic feedback

practise the movement- becomes more fluent

Comparison and association to the mental image

feeback occurs

motor programmes are formed in the LTM

Little conscious thought- performance is fluent.

concentration on tactics and strategies

can ignore distractions

deliberate and automatic movement

can utilise intrinsic feedback for concurrent feedback

helping the performance of another skill

How to maximise-

practice similar to real life

groove the previous skill

more similar subroutines = more transfer

hindering the performance of another skill

Causes

caused my misunderstanding or confusion

familiar stimulus needing a new response

practise environment is different to the competition environment

conflicting skills taught close together

being able to use either limb for a skill

learn with preferred limb until grooved- practise with weak limb until proficient, train regularly with both limbs

A current skill affecting a previously learned skill

can be positive or negative

A previously learned skill affecting the performance of a new skill

Realistic- game related + true to life

Similarities- explain similar movements

Teach- coach similar skills close together

Groove- overlearn the previous skills

Reinforce- use positive reinforcement when the transfer occurs

Draw the performers attention to the differences

make sure skills are thoroughly learned before moving on to new ones

don’t introduce too many new movements

avoid teaching similar skills together this can cause confusion

make practice similar to the game

Difficult to seperate the sub routines

e.g. dribble in basketball

easily identified sub-routines

e.g. tennis serve

affected by the environment

Not affected by the enviroment

Straight forward and can be learnt as a whole

e.g. sprint start

contains many decisions

difficult to learn and understand

has to be learnt in many stages

has many closely linked subroutines

e.g. midfield pas

large muscle movements

e.g. shot put

intricate an uses small muscle movements

e.g. darts throw

performer controls the rate

e.g. javelin

environment controls the rate

e.g. receiving the serve

Has a clear beginning and end- a single specific skill

e.g. penalty kick

several discrete put together

e.g. triple jump

no obvious beginning or end

e.g. cycling

skill is not broken down into parts-

allows kinaesthesis to be felt

not broken down into parts

rapid and ballistic

allows for positive transfer to the real situation

try the whole skill

identify the weaknesses and then put them back together

often used in serial, low organisations.

allows for kinaethesis

learn each subroutine

chain each sub routine- one after the next

used for lo