Science unit 2 vocab

a substance that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

the basic unit of a chemical element.

same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Two or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by covalent chemical bonds

Gain or lose electrons and form a positive or negative charge

a compound that is formed by ionic bonding

between metals and nonmetals, Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

electrons shared between two atoms, valence electrons shared with another atom to form a stable structure

level of the acidity or basicity

A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is

any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance

a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in water and can neutralize an acid

An object is neutral when it is not positively or negatively charged

a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic compound and possibly water

a positively charged molecule

A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen.

A compound that does not contain carbon

Compounds that contain carbon

The change in size, shape, or state of matter. Tearing a piece of paper in half or freezing water is an example of this.

chemical reaction, Change in the arrangement of atoms or ions within molecules of the substance involved

Represented by a chemical equation

not concentrated matter often located deep underground or dispersed in the ocean or atmosphere and usually has little potential for use as a resource.

highly concentrated, typically found near the earth's surface, and has great potential for use as a resource

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

The 6 elements most important in living things (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur)

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

energy of motion

stored energy

the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature

Radiation that has both electric and magnetic fields and travels in waves

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)

A group of parts that work together as a whole

a process in which the outputs of a system are circled back and used as inputs, negative loop is when a product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction

when an environmental problem reaches a threshold level, which causes a shift in the behavior of a natural system.

rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants

decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels