Chemistry finals terms and definitions - REVIEW

A process in which reactants react chemically and convert into products by chemical transformation. It is also a rearrangement of atoms in which some of the original bonds are broken and new bonds are formed to give different chemical structures.

These are the starting substances.

New substances that result from chemical reactions.

Shorthand way of describing a reaction.

symbol for solid in a chemical reaction

symbol for liquid in a chemical reaction.

Symbol for gases in a chemical reaction.

Symbol for aqueous solution in a chemical reaction.

Total mass of the products of a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Established the law of conservation of mass.

A balanced chemical equation has the _________ number of each type of atom on the product side and the reactant side.

Two or more substances combine to for a new compound.

The process of creating large molecules from small ones is called ___________.

A chemical reaction in which a single compound is broken down to produce two or more smaller compounds.

One element replaces a similar element in a compound.

Ions from two compounds in solution exchange places to produce two new compounds. The compounds formed is usually a precipitate that settles out of the solution.

It is a new solid product that comes out of a solution in a chemical reaction.

These compounds break down when put in water.

These compounds do NOT break down when put in water.

The more ___________ that is exposed, the faster the reaction will occur.

The higher the ________________ the faster the particles move.

The amount of substance in a given volume.

Material that increases the rate of reaction by lowering activation energy.

Cells in your body that acts as catalysts.

material used to decrease the rate of a reaction.

Chemical reactions that emit thermal energy when they occur.

Chemical reactions that absorb thermal energy when they occur.

The amount of thermal energy emitted or absorbed by a chemical reaction, under conditions of a constant pressure, can be quantified with a function called ____________________.

The amount of thermal energy that flows when a reaction occurs at constant pressure.

Section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data.

Greek word meaning “element'“.

Greek word meaning “pressure”.

The amount of substance that contains the same number of entities .

The mass per mol of its entities.

Shows the lowest number of moles and gives the relative number of atoms of each element present.

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances evenly distributed throughout a single phase.

Substance that is dissolved

Dissolving Medium

The ability of a substance to be dissolved.

The solubility of a solute in a solvent relative to the amount used.

Contains less solute than the maximum amount of solute a solvent can design.

Contains equal amount of solute to the maximum amount of solute a solvent can dissolve.

Contains more solute than the maximum amount of solute a solvent can dissolve.

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Has relatively low concentration.

Has relatively high concentration.

The number of grams of solute in a million grams of solution. This is used when the solution is very dilute.

The number of moles so solute per liter of solution

The number of moles so solute per kilogram of solvent.

a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs.

A heterogenous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation.

A homogenous solution with intermediate particle size between a solution and a suspension.

Describes a solution in which the solvent is water.

can be used to separate a solid from a liquid.

Can be used to separate a dissolved solute from a solution.

is a method of separating chemical substances based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture.

a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases.

Dissolve polar compounds

Dissolve nonpolar compounds

Indicates that liquids will dissolve each other

Indicates that liquids will not dissolve appreciably each other.

is a measure of water’s ability to conduct electrical current.

is a measure of a material’s ability to conduct an electric current.

are substances that become ions in solution and acquire the capacity to conduct electricity.

a substance that does not dissociate into ions and so in a solution it is a nonconductor of electricity.

A process in which a compound separated intro fragments.

The process by which water molecules surround each ions as it moves into solution.

Indicates that a solute will dissolve best in a solvent that has a similar _______________ to itself.

These are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity if the solute.

is a mixture of two immiscible substances. One substance is dispersed in the other.

is the process which emulsions are prepared.

is a solution with an excess of H+ ions. These substances taste sour.

A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. These substances taste bitter.

Another word for bases.

A reaction between an acid an a base.

measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

have pH values below 7

a solution with a pH of 7

a solution with pH values above 7.

Holds particles together.

the attractions between molecules

is the force that keep a molecule together.

Particles can move apart only if they have enough _____________ to overcome this force of attraction.

The gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled toward due to gravity exerting pressure.

measures atmospheric pressure.

SAP

STP

The pressure and volume of gas are inversely proportional ( as one increases the other decreases.)

The volume and absolute temperature of a gas are directly proportional.

The pressure and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly proportional ( as temperature rises, so does pressure.)

constant value of mol in gases.