Lecture 14

when the government controls media and uses it to pursue its goals and weaken its opponents, ______ are not fair

some think a biased media can limit _______ since it shapes ______ behavior in ways that favour certain candidates

some argue that people are smart and that they can't be ________ by the media

there is no correlation between rates of violent crimes and media _______ of them

more likely to _____ for candidates who are hard on crime (conservative) when media reports _______ a lot

media who present crime as a problem that must be politically addressed makes people _______ likely to vote for ________ who are hard on crime

news commentator who was biased toward Reagan

people who watched Jennings liked Reagan much more

Peter Jennings' ________ expressions were a very subtle priming bias

frame that places blame on individuals

frame that places blame on society

different ________ support views of different parties

media can frame KKK rallies as _______ of speech or as disrupting public _______

when KKK rallies were viewed as freedom of speech: ______ be allowed to have rallies when KKK rallies were viewed as disrupting public order: should ______ be allowed to have rallies

media will only affect voting outcomes if there is a _________ bias that is present throughout all media

there is a systematic _______-wing bias in the media in the US

there is a weakening of ______

there is a deconcentration: social media and internet allows for _______ media outlets, which weakens the control by big ______

new media diminishes the power of ______-driven TV

new media allows ________ who wants to get their views out, not only experts or elites

the flak is not as _________ with the new media because everyone gets criticized

new media is still pro-_________ but is not as extreme as during the Cold War

billionaires still run the main media and set the _________ that these follow

Sustein suggests that there are many _________ with new social media that are extreme

the many biases have a _________ effect on democracy

new media caters to particular views in ways that promote _______ instead of unity

Sustein thinks that media polarization limits _______, as Durkheim would think

in the past, people's choices for news were _______

there are new sources of media at our fingertips, from all around the _______ with _________ media covering particular topics and taking a certain _______ perspective

individualized news allows people to get the news/info that they _____ and they prefer this

people/companies are thus actively ______ what info people get

people are getting less _______ news and info only from their own _______, therefore promoting polarization

process whereby the views and beliefs of a population become more distinct, less similar

people who talk with other _______-minded individuals will have more _______ views after talking with them

social media is creating ________ chambers

extreme views are getting more extreme and there is less common middle ground

when people with extreme views receive info contradicting their position, their positions is _______

supporters of ______ liked him even more when media was exposing his lies and they blamed this on the media _______

parties have less and less common-ground, catering more extreme supporters

nowadays, we have fewer ______ associations and ______ exclusive associations (less tolerance)

Sustein believes that the fewer inclusive associations promote _______ society and this limits democracy

suggests that consensus is not necessarily desirable, people are less excluded from the media than before

Levendusky's experiment: showed news content that was ______ toward neutral, liberal or conservative and tested people's ______ views after to see differences

people at the extremes become more ______ with biased news that either supports or opposes their views

there was little effect among the people in the ________ of the political spectrum

the effects of media exposure were still evident 1 ________ after the "treatment"