Cardiovascular Pathologies

Weak or failure of conduction signal

Regular but rapid rhythm of contractions

Atria quivering, prevents effective movement of blood

Hr less than 60bpm

Hr greater than 100 bpm

ventricle quivering, prevents effective movement of blood

Localized narrowing (stenosis) of Aorta, reduces supply of blood to the lower part of the body.

pulsus arteriosus fails to close after birth, so blood from aorta flows into the pulmonary artery

Hole in the ventricular septum causing blood to flow from left ventricle to right & lungs via pulmonary artery

. 4 defects (VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, Ventricular Hypertrophy, Shift of Aorta)

Heart doesn’t develop correctly, causes hole in ventricular system (septal defects), pulmonary stenosis, ventricular hypotrophy (thicker myocardial mass), and shift of aorta

Heart cant pump required amount of blood, results in pulmonary edema(too much fluid in lungs). Fatal if left untreated.

• Primary cause in us is HPB and Coronary artery disease

Plaque hardening in arteries

• causes atherosclerosis (fat in arteries) and Acute coronary syndrome (reduced blood flow to heart)

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Results from Arteriols Stenosis

Improper Closure of the Mitral Valve

Extra heart sound heard between normal beats

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

Caused by rheumatic fever

Local widening of the arterial wall

• Blood clot (Thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually lower limb.

• May result in Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Abnormally swollen & Twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

• Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys & other organs

• Absence of pain or discomfort in a leg at rest, but pain, tension & weakness after walking begins

• Recurrent episodes of pallor & cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

• Rare disorder of unknown cause

• Affects blood flow

• No identifiable cause

• Greater than 140/90

• Increase in pressure caused by another associated lesion