Bio 103

States that: A cell is the smallest unit of life that makes up all living things. Cells can only come from preexisting cells.

Don’t have a nucleus or plasma-bound organelles

Grows by binary fission and reproduces using conjunction pili.

Have a nucleus (a plasma sack with DNA) and plasma-bound organelles (lysosomes and vacuoles) Grows by mitosis and reproduces using meiosis

Forms a boundary to control what goes in or out of a cell.

Biological goo with monosaccarides

Reads mRNA and makes protien

Prokaryotic: Circular Plasmid

Eukaryotic: Linear Straight

Only fungi and plants

For movement both cell type have this, but in eukarya its just sperm cells

controls what goes in or out of the cell

The most important part of the plasma membrane that has a bond at the tails causing a bilayer that allows water to cross pass.

Controls what can cross the plasma membranes

Makes the molecule a specific hole for a particle to pass through the membrane

Uses ATP to move big molecules like glucose

Helps the immune system

binds molecules

help the immune system know self from nonself

Keeps plasma membrane stable

Explains how the plasma membrane functions

Moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration without using any ATP

Moving from high concentration to low concentration with a protein and no ATP energy (Faster)

Using ATP to move things

Cell brings in a lot of molecules all at one time. The cell does this by using the cell membrane to pinch inward to make a vesicle

When a cell eats another organism

Moving a lot of molecules out of a cell at one time

Tiny organ inside a cell with a specific function

Plasma membrane sack of DNA. DNA can’t leave the nucleus

Messenger RNA which can leave the nucleus

Plasma membrane-bound organelles inside the cell

Ribosome attached membrane sack for protein folding

Plasma membrane sack that makes lipids and detoxifies cells

Folding proteins

Enzyme responsible for breaking down engulfed particles and old organelles.

Storing stuff i.e. Lipids and water

Organelles giving cells their shape and structure

Protein rods that are made to be a highway for the motor proteins

Protein rod near cell membrane which helps give shape as well as muscle contractions

Move molecules across the cell (Each Step uses 1 ATP energy Molecule)

Organelles making energy molecules

Has 3 separate membranes and has its own DNA separate from the nucleus. This organ preforms photo synthesis

Has 2 separate membranes and has its own DNA separate from the nucleus. This cell performs Aerobic Cellular Respiration by turning glucose into ATP energy

Explains why some eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts and mitochondrion organelles

All molecules are constantly moving and go from high to low concentration without using energy (simple diffusion)

Water moving

Water moves from low concentration to high causing osmosis

Same solute: water ratio on the inside and outside of the cell.

One solution has more solute causing the water to flow out of the cells making them shrivel and die

One solution has less solute and more water this is because the water flows into the cell. Plant cells will stay healthy, but animal cells will pop/burst.

A chemical that kills prokaryotic and bacteria cells

Capacity to do work

Motion energy

Stored Energy

Adenine triphosphate most common form of energy

Energy laws that all biological systems follow

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change from one form to another.

Energy cannot change from one for to another without loss of usable energy (Heat)

All chemical reactions inside a cell

Specific sequence of enzymes turning inputs into outputs

Biological systems are lazy and want to do the most work with the least amount of effort

protein with a specific shape that if broken won’t work anymore.

Changing the shape of an enzyme. Things that can cause denature are: Heat, pH, Salt/salinity

Bond breaking

Bond Making

Breaks lactose disaccharide into a monosaccharide

Turns milk protein casein into a morphine analog