Studied by 5 peoplewhat was the minoan society
a spohisticated society located on crete, named after the famous king minos, with women equal to men
what was knossos most known for
the construction of enormous palaces made for residence of rulers and for officials to collect taxes
what was the official script created at knossos
linear A, which consisted of symbols and is still not unraveled
who did crete receive infuence from and what did it result in
phonecia and egypt, the building of advance boast and sea trade, wine and oil were traded in pottery
after developing better boats what did cretans do
creataed colonies on islands through the aegean sea
what happened to minoa that set them back
natural distaters especially a volcano eruption in santorini
what did minoans do after the natural distasters
they rebuilt their palaces and made them better by adding
indoor plumbing, drainage systems and toilets
what put the Minoans into a downfall
the mycadeans invaded them
who migrated to greeks mainland
indo-europeans
after indo-europeans began to trade with minoans what were they able to do, and where did they do it
they adopted linear a and b, and built large palaces in the southern part of the mainland called Peloponnesus
where was the name mycanean derivied from
Mycenae, one of their most important settlements
as the mycaneans grew they were abe to
overthrow the minoans
who wrote about the trojan war
homer in the illiad
who attacked the mycaneans and what happened
troy, anatolia, palaces were ruined, linear a and b dissapered, population declined, people fled to islands
how did the mycaneans fall
after they were weakened by the trojan war they were invaded by dorians
why was the period of dorian rule known as the dark age
there was no main government, there was no trade, people lived in clans
what does the term polis refer to
a city state that offers refuge
after the trojan war what happened at polies
they received increasing populations, began to expand, added taxes, and became the centers fro greek soceity
what was government like in polies
some had no government, some had local leaders, and some had ambitous politicians called tyrants
where did the spartans start their rule
in pelopennesus
how were the spartans able to gain more control as they expanded
they forced neighbors to be their servant (helot) and provide agricultural labor
what the rules of being a helot
they can have families but cnat leave their state
by what ratio did helots outnumber spartans
10:1
how was it enforced that all spartans were equal
people did not wear expensive items, did not accumulate private wealth, and used iron bars for money
how was military enforced in sparta
boys would leave for training at 7 and start service at 20, girls had physcial excerisze to rpoduce strong children
how were relationships formed in sparta
between 18-20 women married and had sex withour living wuth a man, at age 30 men were allowed to join their family
why did sparta lose its rigor
people began to develop a taste for wealth and luxury
in athens who contributed to government affairs
free adult males
who were the beneficiaries of wealth gained from trade and what did they do with the money
large landowners, they expaded their land and took over smaller land owners forcing them into debt and slavery
what happened when many small landowners were deprived of their land
they began to get upset and rebelled
who served as a mediator between large and small landowners
solon
what rules did solon enforce
he allowed large landowners to keep their land but cancled debts and forbad debt slavery, he also allowed any male with enough time to be in political affairs to join and paid them salaries
as athens became a democratic state who ruled them
pericles
why was pericles popular
he provided employment for thousands of laborers and created a more sophisticated society with more philosophical jobs
how did the greeks releive population pressures
they created 400 colonies on the shores of the mediteranean
what did the greek colonies provid and what ended up happening to the population
fertile fields, more people lived in the colonies than the mainland
what were 3 places the greeks colonized
sicily, naples (neapolis), southern france
what supplies did the greeks get from there new colonies
grains, fish, gold, and slaves from russia
what sepperated greek from persia, india, and china
they did not have a centralized government
by facilitating trade what were the colonies able to spread
their language and culture
how did the persian war start
ionians were living with little protection, persia took over them, they lived like that for a bit, ionians rebelled and killed persian governors, war started
what was the first battle in the persian war and what persian leader lead it, W/L
Darius, battle of marathon, loss
how many troops did xerxes deploy to greece
100,000, 1,000 ships
battle of salamis
naval battle where greeks were outnumbered against xerxes but still won
how were the greeks able to win against xerxes during the battle of platea
the spartans delayed them at Thermopyle, xerxes was able to burn athens, but eventually xerxes watched as his army fell to athens
what was the delian league
an alliance polies created with athens as the leader
how was funds provided to teh delian league
athens provided for the military, every poly had to pay athens which allowed them to empluy many workers during pericles rule
how did the pelopenesian war start
polies did not want to continue to fund athens so they created two main sides, sparta and athens where sparta forced athens to surrender
who wrote a history of the pelopennisian war, why was this a suprise
thucydides, he was a native athenian
what was an example of how athens was brutal
they attacked the small island of melos who did not acknowledge their authority so athenians killed the men in their military, sold the women and children into slavery, and conquered the island
how did athens brutality change peoples view of them
polies lost their respect for athens
how did phillip of macedon build up the empire
he built an extremely powerful military in which he used to weed out all the clans and became the king
how did the pelopennisian war allow king phillip to expand
he began to move his military north into greece but athens and sparta were so divided they would not come together to fight him so he easily took over all of greece
how did king phillip die, who succeeded him
he was assasinated by one of his bodygaurds, his son alexander
what countries did alexander bring under his contorl with the help of his father army
ionia, anatolia, egypt, palestine, syria, meso, and eventually persia
once he got to persia what did alexander do
he invaded passagrate and burned teh achaemenid palace at persopolis and became the emporer
where was the farthest alexander expanded to and why did he stop
india his troops did not want to go farther away from home
how did alexander die
he fell ill at 33 after feasting and drinking
what did alexander name most cities
alexandria
what was alexander not able to do
create a center of administration and breed persians, macedonians, and greeks together
what were some accomplishments of the dark age
sdapted iron, used phonecian alphabet
minoan bull dancing/riding painting showing the agility of minoans
shirtless minoan women showing the respect and feminity of women at the time
Mycenean king face plate shows how respected he was
minoan palace at knossos
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