Unit 1 Chapter 1 APUSH 1 Giddes

• first part of North America to emerge above sea level

• lots of mountains

early advanced civilization in Peru

early advanced civilization in Central America

early advanced civilization in Mexico

early form of corn grown by Native Americans staple crop

means "village" Rio Grande Valley people constructed irrigation systems to water corn

states with populations sharing language and culture

• Mississippian settlement

maize, beans, and squash grown together

• powerful Native American group

• strong military alliance

• organized government

• other tribes were scattered

• found Northeastern coast of North America a long time ago (Newfoundland)

• no strong support, villages abandoned

• discovery was forgotten

where the Norse first landed in Newfoundland

• fought in Holy Wars against Muslims

• came into contact with Asian goods

• wanted more, but too expensive because of long, hard route

• Southeast Asia/Indonesia/Indies

• where spices & sugar came from

• muslim

• protected & guided merchants, got paid

• expensive

• Italian adventurer

• told tales of China and its riches

• encouraged European desires for riches

a portuguese ship that can sail in wind and currents

• bottom of Africa below Sahara Desert

• no access until the Portuguese due to currents & wind

• Portuguese bought slaves to work on sugar plantations

• origin of modern plantation systems

• africans carried here to work plantations

• in Atlantic

• Portuguese explorer

• first to round Southern tip of Africa

• portuguese were going south in search of a water route to asia

reached India and brought back sugar & spices encouraged people more to find a shorter route

• their marriage united spain

• united 2 kingdoms together

• gave spain new strength, wealth, and power

• led to more discovery and conquest

Spanish Muslims bullied due to Holy Wars

rebirth: inspired discovery, innovation, adventure

• Italian seafarer supported by Spain

• successful failure

• tried to find water route to Indies, accidently found Bahamas & New World

columbus mistakenly called the bahamas "the Indies" and Native Americans "Indians"

Europe: markets, capital, tech, DISEASE!!! New World: raw materials (precious metals, crops) Africa: slaves

• Haiti and DR

• introduced Old World animals

• grew sugar here (warm climate) ... Africans migrated

Native Americans where Columbus first landed

• lived in Hispaniola

• wiped out by disease :(

New World divided between Portugal and Spain

Spanish conquerors exploring the New World for GGG

• god, gold, glory

discovered the Pacific claimed waves for Spain

Spanish first circumnavigation of the world

• beat stormy strip by South America

Spanish explored Florida, found "fountain of youth" killed by Natives

Spanish explorer looking for fabled golden cities found Grand Canyon, bison herds, Colorado River

Spanish found the Mississippi River cruelly mistreated Native Americans

Spanish conquistador who conquered Incas in Peru

spain grew rich from New World silver transformed economy more commerce, manufacturing, and trade

government gives Native American away as labor people convert slaves to christianity

Spanish missionary spoke out against encomienda

Spanish conquistador who conquered Aztecs in Mexico

• was looking for gold

• had advantage: weapons, wealth, disease, 2 interpreters

Aztec capital extremely large, elaborate, and populated

Aztec chief thought Cortes was the god "Quetzalcoatl" didn't like Spanish greed so fought back

• Aztecs attacked the Spanish and chased them away

• Cortes then laid siege to the city and it fell to Spain

A person of mixed Native American and European descent mexico = mixed race

(John Cabot) explored northeast coast of America for English

Italian mariner explored Eastern seaboard for France

french went up St. Lawrence River

spanish tried to protect their American land created a fortress to block french and protect carribean sea-lanes

Spanish, explored mexico abused Pueblo people fought in Battle of Acoma

Spaniards under Oñate vs Pueblo Indians founded New Mexico all Native survivors had one foot severed

Spanish tried to convert people to Catholicism Pueblo rebels fought back tried to reclaim New Mexico

French, explored Mississippi river

Spanish were starting to settle into Texas Pueblo uprising refugees came to San Antonio (Alamo) founded missions

CA was not colonized for a long time Cabrillo had explored coast but didn't find anything interesting

founded chain of missions down CA coast converted Natives to Christianity

the mistaken belief that Spaniards only did bad (cruelty and intolerance) but they also laid the foundations for nations