GOVT 2305 Final Study

Establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.

The making of policy decisions; who gets what, when, and how.

A representative, or indirect government acting with the consent of the governed.

a House of Representatives, apportioned by each state's population, and a Senate with two members from each state, chosen by the state legislatures.

Legislature, executive, and the judiciary; checks and balanced of each branch against the other two.

It takes 2/3 approval of the US House and Senate, plus 3/4 approval of the state legislatures.

The allocation of power between the national government and the states.

They are the basic unit of government; establish local governments and are the building blocks of the federal government

Direct initiative, indirect initiative, referendum, or recall

Both houses of congress and approved by president.

A member of congress votes based on what his or her constituents want. A legislature would vote according to their own best judgement.

41 to maintain a filibuster and prevent voting on senate floor. 60 to invoke cloture, close off debate to end filibuster.

Both in their home districts and in Washington, D.C.

Limits presidential authority, requires president to notify congress within 48 hours of sending troops overseas and to get congressional approval to put US forced to combat for more than 60 days.

Appoint executive officials, ambassadors, federal judges, and make treaties.

A rule or regulation issued by the president. It can be reversed immediately by any later president.

It exists for the public good, and is designed to be impersonal. It gets its money from taxpayers but is not directly accountable to them.

It holds that courts should not seek to make policy. The Supreme Court must apply the original understanding of the Framers' intentions to its interpretation of the Constitution.

For the majority, in concurrence (with majority), or dissenting.

First ten amendments to the US constitution, largely guarantees specific rights and liberties.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.

Allowed racial segregation laws ignoring the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection of rights by the states.

Banned discrimination in voting registration, public accommodations, public schools and facilities, and employment.

Fund-raising committees that represent interest groups by giving campaign money to candidates for office.

Interviews or surveys with samples of people to measure the opinions of an entire population.

1800 to limit government and expand the franchise; now is the liberal/left party. 1854 as an anti-slavery party; now is the conservative/right party.

Form coalitions, recruit candidates for office, offer choice of candidates and programs, manage the transfer of power, staff and run the government, link the branches and levels of government, and make elected officials accountable to the voters.

An electoral college to select the president indirectly, it represented a compromise between direct popular election of the president and selection of the president by Congress.

Campaign activities to push political voters to the polls on election day.

Purchased print, radio, and TV campaign advertising. Positive press coverage by reporters for print and electronic news outlets.

There is almost no regulation. Only slightly more regulation.

Shrinking, fewer daily papers, fewer readers, less competition, concentration for ownerships in a few large chains.

Through their use of agenda-setting, framing, gatekeeping, and priming of news stories. Most mainstream outlets have a liberal political bias.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs. Did not end the Great Depression, but extended it.

Increase payroll tax, cut benefit levels, increase the retirement age, start means-testing for benefits, or use private accounts to allow workers to invest for greater returns.

Subsidize it. Tax it.

channel and slow economy activity.

Collective security, if one member nation was attacked, others would defend.

Radical, fundamentalist "Islamists." Islamist enemies of America and West are Islamist Shia, like Iran's ruling mullahs. Wahabbist Suni Islamist, like al Qaeda.

Usually fought through surrogates, brinksmanship, diplomacy, and espionage. Only occasionally flares into a shooting hot war, never directly between the US and Soviet Union.