neuro test 1 study 

________ was the first to suggest that the brain was the organ that controlled the body.

________: Form the myelin segments on neural axons; keeps neurons in place.

The ________ (soma) is the main part of the neuron, where the nucleus and most other organelles are.

________: probably metabolic support, but newly discovered and still learning about.

________ determined that nerves are capable of sending only one type of message, a binary one: on or off; he also began to collect data via experimental ablation (the systematic removal of brain parts to determine the effect on behavior)

________: form the lining of ventricles and fluid chambers; cilia create flow in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

________: delayed adolescence and a notably juvenile shape to the adult human head allow for longer brain development and a larger brain cavity compared with our cousins the chimps and gorillas.

________: immune cells, that destroy bacteria and viruses.

________= peripheral nerves; composed of bundles of axons surrounded by multiple layers of connective tissue; interspersed in these bundles are the blood vessels that feed the nerves.

________: spans from the brain down through the vertebral column, connecting the brain to the peripheral nerves.

________ are large bundles of individual neurons.

________: capillaries in the brain are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells just like capillaries in the rest of the body, but their cell membranes overlap, forming a(n) ________ through which it is more difficult for materials to pass.

________ surrounds nerve fasicles.

________ is a fatty substance that insulates neural axons and increases signal speed.

________ surrounds individual nerves.

________ determined that the nerves of the nervous system communicate via electrical impulse.

________: these cells serve as "filters "through which materials must pass as they diffuse from blood to ________ to neuron.

________ used human subjects who had brain damage of some kind to study brain regions and determined that certain regions of the brain were responsible for specific functions; discovered and named Brocas area.

The ________ is not a single structure but a way that capillaries are organized differently in the brain than elsewhere.

________ are "helper "cells- they support neurons but can not receive or send messages themselves.

The ________: the evolution of upright posture demands that human pelvises be relatively narrow, which limits the width of the birth canal, though human infant heads are quite large to accommodate the large brains, which leads to difficult, painful, and dangerous childbirth.

________: respond to external changes (i.e.

Functions of the ________: sense changes in the external environment and respond to those changes.

does not understand language, does recognize faces

contains the two primary language processing centers (Brocas and Wernickes areas), as well as the seat of consciousness (??)

on or off; he also began to collect data via experimental ablation (the systematic removal of brain parts to determine the effect on behavior)

delayed adolescence and a notably juvenile shape to the adult human head allow for longer brain development and a larger brain cavity compared with our cousins the chimps and gorillas

the evolution of upright posture demands that human pelvises be relatively narrow, which limits the width of the birth canal, though human infant heads are quite large to accommodate the large brains, which leads to difficult, painful, and dangerous childbirth

sense changes in the external environment and respond to those changes

composed of 100 billion neurons as well as many glial cells

spans from the brain down through the vertebral column, connecting the brain to the peripheral nerves

Brain, brainstem, nerves, spinal cord

Glia and neurons

respond to external changes (i.e

they support neurons but cannot receive or send messages themselves

Form the myelin segments on neural axons; keeps neurons in place

Each cell forms one myelin segment

probably metabolic support, but newly discovered and still learning about

capillaries in the brain are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells just like capillaries in the rest of the body, but their cell membranes overlap, forming a tighter junction through which it is more difficult for materials to pass

these cells serve as "filters" through which materials must pass as they diffuse from blood to astrocyte to neuron

there are regions of the brain whose job it is to monitor the blood for toxins, hydration levels, sugar levels, etc

Noninvasive, Cheap, Easily accessible

Images are an average of activity, no specific targeting

Detect and view real-time brain activity, High resolution

Radiation exposure, Expensive

fast, relatively cheap, Good soft tissue imaging

X-ray exposure, Can't see specific brain activity

Can see brain activity, no radioactivity

Expensive, Takes a long time, Some are very uncomfortable

• Conduct messages between the brain and the body

• Generate sensation

• Create motion in the muscles

• Regulate autonomic functions

  • Heart and breathing

  • Digestion

  • Menstrual cycle