Unit 5 Ap Human Geo

the purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

level of farming in which a person raises only enough food to feed his or her family

altering the behaviors, size and genetics of plants to benefit humans

altering the behaviors, size and genetics of animals to benefit humans

The period roughly 10,000 years ago during which humans first began domesticating crops and animals

cutting of "steps" into the mountains that allowed for more agriculture

a system that supplies dry land with water through ditches, pipes, or streams

the largest population that an environment can support at any given time

a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land

Land that is prepared for agriculture by using the slash-and-burn method.

the loss or destruction of forests, mainly for logging or farming

lower land productivity caused by overfarming, overgrazing, seasonal drought, and climate change

The introduction of technology to agriculture resulted in increased yields for commercial sale.

Laws passed by Parliament "closing off" common lands to small farmers

used for fencing and invented to keep cattle from trampling crops

20th century; tractor; monoculture; irrigation; petroleum; Agro-Biotechnology; GMOs

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields they cultivate

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

farming devoted to specialized fruit, vegetable, or vine crops for sale rather than consumption

Commercial gardening and fruit farming in the United States

the circle around a dairy farm in which its products can be sold without spoiling

Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, a crop planted in fall and develops strong roots to survive the winter

a wheat crop that is planted in the spring and harvested in late summer

seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas

Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails

relating to milk or products made using milk

Where small amounts of capital and labour are used in relation to the amount of land being farmed

farming that requires a lot of labor to produce food

to plant and harvest on the same parcel of land twice per year

also known as multicropping, farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

fixed areas for cattle to graze in to become fat

highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership

a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service

the hands an item passes through between producer and consumer

farming strategy of planting a single, highly productive crop year after year

when someone owns and operates a farm, but lives somewhere else; usually a crops only farm

the refrigeration and transport technologies that allow for the distribution of perishables

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

the continuation, in a former colony, of colonial exploitation without formal political control

trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries

a government payment that supports a business or market

the basic facilities that are necessary for a society to function and grow - roads, government buildings, electricity lines, railroads

houses are grouped together in tiny clusters or hamlets

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.

natural features are used to mark irregular parcels of land

a subdivision of a county that has its own government

a square normally 1 mile on a side

Linear settlements stretched out along a road or river.

an agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent

Having the same property in all directions.

Gardening - cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes the cultivation of plants for subsistence through non-intensive use of land and labor

refers to how the price and demand on land changes as the distance towards the CBD/Market increase

the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer

a belt of parks or rural land surrounding a town or city

a type of food that is produced without pesticides, bioengineering, or high-energy radiation

Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages

modern aquaculture, producing fish, shellfish, and other products

the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole)

the depletion of vegetation due to the continuous feeding of too many animals

the property whereby long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases