Module 3: Becoming a Member of a society

This refers to the lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their identities and necessary skills in society.

A process that enables the development of citizens to function effectively within a particular political system.

It refers to the process of accepting the social norms, attitudes, roles, and values transmitted by people and social groups within society as one’s own.

Views society as the primary factor responsible for how individual learn to think and behave.

Explains that if people fail to play their expected roles or behave “strangely,” there is incomplete or inadequate socialization.

View socialization as an interactive process between individuals and other members of society.

He proposed a synthesized view of socialization that considers factors such as free will, human autonomy, and social structures and processes that influence socialization.

It refers to the particular circumstances of a society and consists if its culture, language, and the social structures that define social class, ethnicity, and gender.

Refers to ideas, beliefs, behavior, and other information that are passed on by members of society to the individual

Refers to the methods of interaction that enable the content to be given to the person undergoing socialization.

This refers to the outcomes of socialization

This is a significant result of socialization which refers to the establishment of a unique sense of identity and an awareness of how it relates to their society and the world.

A term used to describe the process of being socialized into a specific culture.

A renowned American anthropologist who believes that one must undergo a process of learning a culture “in all its uniqueness and particularity.”

He considers enculturation as “both a conscious and unconscious conditioning process whereby a person, as a child and an adult, achieves competence in his or her culture, internalizes it, and becomes thoroughly enculturated.”

is the primary agent of socialization of an individual upon birth, throughout infancy, and up to childhood.

has a critical and active role in socialization, as their various academic and social activities mold students’ beliefs, values, and attitudes

This refers to people who share the same interests or characteristics such as age and social background.

includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, and other printed materials, radio, television, and movies

This portrays as an ideological marketplace that enhances debate and electoral choice

This suggests that media reflects the views of the general public and that media presents what they think the people want.

It traces bias to links between media and the political and social elite.

Recognizes media bias as a product of the personal views of media professionals such as journalists, broadcasters, and editors.

It is significant in socializing forces for an entire generation

These are considered the ultimate sources of authority, making the church and government important agents of socialization.

The changes and developments brought about by historical events often cause transformations

This refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts and actions to adapt to the accepted behavior within his or her group or society.

This refers to the outward conformity to social pressure but privately disagreeing with it.

Refers to the individual adopting a certain behavior because it enables him or her to have a satisfying relationship with the members of his or her group.

It involves both public compliance and internal acceptance of the norms and standards imposed by the group.

It is defined as a behavior that elicits a strong negative reaction from group members and involves actions that violate commonly held social norms.

Consider crime and deviance as the result of structural tensions and lack of moral regulation within society.

Argues that the tensions and strains between socially-approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet them will lead to deviance

Points to the emergence of deviant behavior within certain groups in society or subcultures.

Considers deviance as a socially constructed phenomenon influenced largely by interpersonal relationships between members of society

Analyzes deviance in the framework of competing interests between social groups and the maintenance of power among elites.

Consider deviance as emerging because of inadequate social controls.

It is defined as any systematic means and practices used to maintain norms, rules, and laws; regulate conflict; and discourage deviant behavior.

These are those provided for by laws and other regulations in society.

These are the most commonly imposed by smaller societies, communities, or groups.

This refers to the idea that a person has the innate right to be valued, respected, and treated well.

These are legal, social, and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving of liberties and protections by virtue of his or her human dignity.

Characteristics of Human Rights