history ch2

duma

russian parliament

soviet

revolutionary council of labourers or peasents in russia before 1917; also: citizen of the Soviet Union

communism

system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to his ability and needs

bolshevik

member of the political party of Lenin

dictator

ruler with total power over a country, mostly one who had obtained control by force

New Economic Policy:

program instituted by Lenin for a temporarily more capitalism-oriented economies policy

superpower

very powerful en influential nation in the world

totalitarian state

state with a centralised government that is dictatorial and controls every part of people's lives

Five-Year Plan

Stalin's plan to industrialise the Soviet Union for five years

collectivisation

forceful joining of agriculture into huge state farms

kulak

peasant in Russia wealthy enough to own a farm and hire labour

Great Purge

period of repression and persecution in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s

Gulag forced labour camps

system of forced labour camps in which opponents of the Soviet Union were imprisoned and many people died

cult of personality

excessive public admiration for or devotion to a famous person

interbellum

the period between two world wars (i.e between 1918 and 1939)

fascism

nationalist and authoritarian political ideology founded by Mussolini

Blackshirts

private militia of Mussoloni

Weimar republic

name now used for germany from 1919 to 1933

Nazi Party

Nationalsozialistische Deutsche arbeiterpartei, abbreviated as NSDAP; German political party led by Hitler

national socialism

political ideology of the Nazi party

Brownshirts

private militia and guards of hitler

anti-Semitism

hostility to or prejudice against jews

stock

share; stocks can be bought or sold on a stock market

Wall Street Crash of 1929

stock market crash that started the Great Depression

Great Depression

great 10-year economis crisis that affected all western industrialised countries and started in 1929 in the USA

Hooverville

shanty town in the USA built by homeless people during the Great Depression

New Deal

series of programmes launched by president Roosevelt to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression

Dawes plan

plan of the Allies after WW1 to solve Germany's war reperation problem

reichstag

german parliament

enabling act

act through which Hitler obtained dictatorial power

SS

abbreviation for Schutzstaffel; security and military organisation controlled by by the nazi party

Night of Long knives

purge used by Hitler to eradicate the critics of his regime in the SA (Brownshirts)

nazification

measures taken by Hitler to turn germany into a totalitarian state

indoctrination

process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically

hitler youth

organisation in Nazi Germany for children aged 10 to 18

gestapo

state secret police of Nazi Germany

concentration camp

camps were a government forces many people to live, sometimes under terrible conditions