AF Vocab + Background Info (Eng. 9 H)

tending to disbelieve

individuals who disagree

mutual hatred or hostility

braided

frolic, skip, and play

someone who accepts and spreads the teachings of a person

a pithy statement expressing a general truth: a motto

like a parasite: taking advantage of, living off another

facial expression

punishment, payback

surrender

to crouch or huddle up in fear, cringe

peace making

to plan

a literary work with symbolic meaning

use of humor, exaggeration, irony, or ridicule to expose stupidity or shortcomings of a society

a story with a hero/villain that conveys a moral message

a very flawed world

a perfect world

the upper middleclass—the wealthy

the lower/working class

1917

forced labor camps, 18 million people were placed, 1.5-1.7 million people lost their lives

media designed to influence public opinions

a type of propaganda that plays heavily on people’s need for belonging

a type of propaganda that links a person/group of people to a negative name/idea

a type of propaganda that makes the audience feel good using many times extreme phrases—opposite of name-calling

a type of propaganda that uses things people accept to get the public to accept something else

a type of propaganda that uses a statement given by a celebrity/”expert” as evidence of truth/excellence

a type of propaganda where speakers attempt to convince their audience that they and their ideas are “of the people”

a type of propaganda where the speaker creates a threat then convince their audience that they have the best solution and would be a good leader

a type of propaganda that tries to convince the audience that something is good or trust worthy without showing the flip side—supporting “the good stuff” without showing “the bad stuff”

a type of propaganda that uses bad logic to make a false statement seem true

a type of logical fallacy that makes huge promises based on very little facts

a type of logical fallacy that uses facts that have no logical sequence to prove something true (ex: “Molly has brown hair, so Molly would be a good presidential candidate.” These two facts have no correlation.)

a type of propaganda that attacks the character of the opponent

a type of propaganda that uses coded/suggestive language to win the audience by bashing the other side

a type of propaganda that uses language that deliberately downsizes or reverses the meaning of words

a type of propaganda that uses a diversionary tactic to distract from the flaws of the speaker

a type of propaganda that just restates the speaker’s argument instead of proving it (ex: “She is intelligent because she is smart” does not prove why she is intelligent.)

Karl Marx

Czar Nicholas II

the working class/proletariat

the secret police

the wealthy/bourgeoisies

George Orwell

the gullible/blind followers

the church

Joseph Stalin

Leon Trotsky

propaganda/the head of propaganda under Stalin: Malatov

1. Whatever goes upon 2 legs is an enemy

2. Whatever goes upon 4 legs, or has wings, is a friend;

3. No animal shall wear clothes.

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal.

All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.

Napoleon: “Vote for Napoleon and the full manger.”

Snowball: “Vote for Snowball and the three-day week.”

No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT REASON.

Commandment 5 was being changed to “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.”

the pig that tests all of Napoleon’s food for poison

the poet

a plot or plan of evil doings

to sneak around

generous, bountiful, plenty

someone who kills old animals for meat, skin, or glue

to try to stay alive on the barest means, barely stay alive

reserved, quiet, not liking to talk

a medical dressing spead on a cloth and applied to the skin

a chronic drinker