Integrated Science e-assesments MYP4-5

1. Fats

2. Proteins

3. Minerals

4. Vitamins

5. Carbohydrates

6. Water

7. Fibre

One example is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made of long chains of identical small sugar molecules.

an organ system (it works together)

It is made of these organs that all work together:

1. Mouth

2. Gullet

3. Stomach

4. Liver

5. Pancreas

6. Large intestine

7. Small intestine

8. Rectum

9. Anus

It is digested (which means it is broken down).

Digestion happens in 2 ways:

1. Physical digestion

2. Chemical digestion

This allows useful chemicals to be released and dissolved in the blood. To be broken down chemically, the bonds must be broken.

The shape of the food must be physically changed so that it can fit through the small diameter of the digestive system.

Through the mouth.

Through the anus.

It stretches out to a 9m tube!

It is extremely folded! In addition, the tube passes through organs on its route from the mouth to the anus.

There is 3 metres of DNA in every one of our cells!!

The form of respiration that uses oxygen.

The form of respiration that does not use oxygen.

Glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol/lactic acid

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

Humans and yeast

Glucose = lactic acid + (very little) energy

Oxygen dept, heat produced

Temporary oxygen shortage after exercise.

Lactic acid forms

Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide, light, temperature

Fermentation

When someone has 2 of the same alleles (recessive or dominant)

A pair of genes 1 dominant 1 recessive

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

If there is no Y chromosome

because there is a 50% chance of a baby being a male or female when the egg is fertilized with a sperm. Half of the sperms carry X and the other carry Y. If the sperm fertilizing the egg is carrying an X then the baby will be a female. If it is carrying a Y, the baby will be male.

Female

Male

Carbon dioxide + water → sunlight → oxygen + glucose

lime water test

The stone remains of animals or plants that were once alive.

breathing on something cold to get condensation

Mold and cast, sediment, ice and amber

When the bones are casted into new stones.

when the bones decompose and an imprint of where they were is made/found.

A type of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells with the same amount and kind as the parent cell.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

A type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells with half the amount of chromosomes in the parent cell.

when mosquitoes get trapped in tree sap, it hardens and then melts long after.

when Mammoths walked from one end of the Ice Age to another and they are frozen. They are then covered with more ice and snow until everything melts.

because of their different habitats. They ate different things since there were different things available in their habitat. Number 1 ate big nuts and big fruits. 2 ate fruits and small nuts. 3 ate insects. Lastly 4 ate seeds.

Mutations, cross overs, independent assortment of chromosomes

46

23

Maintaining a regular temperature in your body.

When the blood vessels dilate (become wider) decreasing blood pressure.

The constriction of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

Maintaining a constant internal environment of the body. Hormones and the nervous system are the ones that oversee the conditions.

A region of the brain which control the homeostatic systems.

Organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

The smallest of blood vessels which bring blood transporting oxygen to the tissues of the body and transport non-oxygenated blood from the tissues to the veins and arteries.

Controlling the cold :

• Shivering

• Hairs erect (capture more air)

• Vasodilation: When the blood vessels dilates (increase in size) causing more heat to be carried by the blood to the skin.

A disorder in which the blood glucose levels remain too high.

Caused by a person becoming resistant to insulin It can be controlled by:

• Monitoring the diet

• Injecting insulin

Caused by a lack of insulin. It can be controlled by:

• Monitoring diet and exercise

• There is a link between rising levels of obesity and increase in diabetes type 2.

Controlling heat :

• Can be lost by sweating, which increases heat loss by evaporation

• Vasoconstriction: When the circumference of blood vessels gets smaller

by releasing and storing glucose. This is controlled by insulin which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.

From a liquid to a gas.

In animal and plant mitochondria.

• Cytoplasm of the cell.

• Happens in muscle during hard exercise.

HYDROGEN

• A lit wooden splint makes a popping sound in a test tube of hydrogen.

The central nervous system (CNS)- the brain and spinal cord.

The peripheral nervous system - nerve cells which carry information to or from the CNS. Fast but short signals. Responds to the outside environment, bruises, getting hit.

Also known as nerve cells. They carry electrical impulses from one place to another.

Receptor -> sensory neurons -> CNS -motors neurons -> Effector

Groups of cells which detect change in the environment (stimulus) and produce electrical impulses in response.

Effectors are parts of the body which produce a response to a stimulus. For example: a muscle contracting to move an arm.

• Gap between neurons.

• Information crosses this gap using neurotransmitters (a type of chemical) produced by neurons.

• Once the neurotransmitters crossed the gap they make the other neuron transmit an electrical impulse.

• Hormones which are chemical substances that help regulate processes in the body. They are secreted (produced) by glands. The bloodstream transports hormones from the glands to the target organs.

• Slow to respond, goes through all the body no matter it's target. It is long lasting. Controls the internal environment, e.g. height, metabolism, reproductive system, appetite.

• 2 people

• Humans, plants, yeast

• Done by meiosis

• 1 person

• Asexual reproduction does not involve sex cells. Only one parent is required. No fusion of gametes (sex cells sperm and eggs). The offspring is identical to the parent, meaning they are clones (genetically identical to another organism). For example, bacteria and plants.

• Results in 4 sex cells.

Different versions of the same gene. We have two alleles, 1 from mum and 1 from dad. Recessive: Alleles are represented in lower case letters. Aa Dominant: Alleles represented by capital letters. Aa or AA

Physical characteristics (blue eyes, brown hair, etc).

The genes the person has (BB, Bb or bb)

A sex cells, sperm and eggs.

• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Twenty-two pairs control different characteristics, the last 1 pairs determine the sex.

• Female: have two X chromosomes.

• Male: have two different sex chromosomes, X (shown as larger chromosome) and Y (shown as smaller chromosome)

• Mendel was a scientist whom cross fertilize pea plants.

• He observed the different traits as well as the different phenotypes.

• He made a discovery that green and yellow doesn't make "green-yellow" but rather it makes either green or yellow. The way to know which alleles recessive and which ones are dominant.

M ovement R espiration S ensitivity G rowth R eproduction E xcretion N utrition

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

King Philip Classified Over Fifty Green Spiders

Something that can cause harm to someone, adverse health effects, either straightaway or later.

The variable thing you measure.

The thing that will be changed in each experiment.

A variable that is not changed.

Generally a single cell which lives in an extreme environment.

Limits the flow of electrical current. Resistance that does not change.

Moving, changes the resistance.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• Energy can only change from one type of energy to another type.

• Noticed by Abraham Lincoln.

Efficiency is a measure of how much useful energy is converted efficiency = useful energy out ÷ total energy in (for a decimal efficiency)