Population change overtime.

Theoretical process by which gene variation and the environment lead to significant changes in a population because individuals with gene variations more suited to the environment survive longer and reproduce more.

the theory that organisms develop new traits as needs arise and pass these acquired traits down to their offspring (wrong) (Lamarck)

the formation of a new species from an ancestral species caused by the availability of a new habitat.

occurs when an inheritable phenotype increases the likelihood of an animal to survive and successfully reproduce.

a measure of the capacity for successful reproduction in a given environment compared to other of the same species.

a change in the frequency of alleles in population over time.

Large-scale changes that result in an extinction or formation of a new species

the study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals.

the study of the fossil record.

evidence of plants and animals from the past that has become a part of the earth's crust.

When unrelated species have similar adaptations (Analogous)

Similar structures due to convergent evolution.

Similar structures due to shared ancestry.

The study of structural similarities in living or fossilized animals and homologies that show evolutionary relationships.

Determine identity of body regions in early embryos.

refers to evolutionary relationships among species.

shows lines of descent from an ancestral species to modern descendants.

represent individuals, populations or species.

represent evolutionary connection between nodes.

groups of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and share a common gene pool.

the sum of all the alleles for all traits in a sexually reproducing population.

the study of the genetic events in gene pools.

States that mixing of alleles in meiosis and their recombination don't alter allele frequencies across generations, given several factors.

• large population

• Random sexual reproduction

• no migration

• no mutation

• no natural selection

Chance events effecting gene frequencies in a population (Neutral evolution)

a type of genetic drift caused by the separtation of a few individuals from a bigger population, creating their own population. They do not carry the same gene frequencies as the larger population so this new population will likely have less genetic variation.

A form of genetic drift that takes place when an event dramatically decreases the size of a population resulting in decreased genetic variation even as populations regrow.

Changes in gene frequency caused by immigration or emigration of individuals.

a measure of the tendency of gene frequencies to change through mutation.

the tendency for natural selection to occur

occurs when individuals with one phenotypic extreme are at a disadvantage compared to all others causing a decrease in that extreme.

Occurs when both phenotypic extremes are at an advantage to those with the intermediate phenotype.

Occurs when both phenotypic extremes are at a disadvantage and leads to a decrease in phenotypic range.

occurs when different phenotypes are maintained at relatively stable frequencies.

a group of populations in which genes are actually or potentially exchanged through interbreeding.

The formation of a new species.

when populations cannot reproduce with one another

prevents mating altogether, via impenetrable barrier or changes in courtship behavior.

prevents successful fertilization.

Occurs when subpopulations become geographically isolated.

Small local populations, not isolated.

relative isolation of a deme can make its members experience different selection pressures that can ultimately result in speciation. (No certain cases)

Occurs within one population when individuals become reproductively isolated.

evolution occurs gradually over millions of years.

long periods of stasis interrupted by brief periods of change.

occurrence within a population of different rates of evolution in various structures or functions.

study of evolutionary relationships among and diversity of organisms. (Taxonomy)

Assignment of distinctive names to each species.

any grouping of animals that share a particular set of characteristics.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

slowness of change even through evolution

all bacteria and cyanbacteria (challenged)

Eukaryotic, single celled or colonies.

Eukaryotic, multicellular, and photosynthetic

Eukaryotic, multicellular, and digest organic matter.

Eukaryotic, multicellular, and feed by ingesting other organisms.

Prokaryotic microbes that live in extreme environments (Domain and Kingdom)

true bacteria, prokaryotic microorganisms (Domain and Kingdom)

Includes all Eukaryotic organisms (Domain) (Protista, Plantaea, Fungi, Animalia)

includes a single ancestral species and all its descendants.

Members that can be traced to separate ancestors.

includes some but not all descendants of an ancestral species

a related group that is not included in the study group

characters that have arisen since common ancestry.

depict a sequence in origin of derived characters.

absence of a central point or axis

arrangement of body parts such that any plain passing through the axis would divide the organism into mirror images.

arrangement of body parts such that a single plain would divide the left and right into mirror images.

Developments that result in the formation of a distinct head (Only bilateral symmetry)

Body parts organized into two layers derived from two embryonic tissue layers.

Body parts organized into three layers derived from three embryonic tissue layers.

inner most layer, turns into gastrodermis

outer most layer, turns into the epidermis

(only triploblastic) middle layer, turns into supportive, contractile and blood cells.

mesoderm forms a solid mass between the other layers

body cavities are not completely lined by mesoderm

body cavities completely surrounded by mesoderm (messentaries present)

Spiral and Determinate (Blastopore becomes mouth)

Radial and Indeterminate (Blastopore becomes anus)

Cellular organization, the ability to reproduce, growth & development, energy use, homeostasis, response to their environment, and the ability to adapt.

1.6 million (3-100 million more estimated)

Choosing the easiest possible answer.

type of coelem, type of symmetry, development, and number of tissue layers.

head end

tail end

belly

middle

outsides

farther from main body on limb

closer to main body on limb

mouth side

opposite of mouth