M2 MODULARS

Which organelle is responsible for immediate protein processing after the process of translation?

A. Mitochondrion

D. Golgi apparatus

B. Endoplasmic reticulum

C. Ribosome

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about a prokaryote?

A. Their cells do not contain membrane bound organelles.

B. The central dogma in prokaryotes is compartmentalized.

C. Their genetic materials are present only in the cytosol.

D. They contain ribosomes.

Which of the following is TRUE of proteins?

A. Their building blocks are called peptides.

B. Their building blocks are held by very strong H-bonds.

C. The sequence of the building blocks of a protein dictates its primary structure.

D. They carry hereditary information.

What is the distinguishable group or moiety found in arginine's R group?

C. Guanido

A. Indole

D. Thioether

B. Imidazole

Rotation of polarized light is possible in solutions of all of the following amino acids EXCEPT:

C. alanine

A. serine

D. glycine

B. leucine

Replacement of Val in the peptide Ala-Val-Ser with Gln will make the peptide:

A. more positive

C. more polar

B. more negative

D. less polar

Which of the following will give a different results in the Ninhydrin Test?

A. R

C. Y

B. F

D. P

Which test detects the presence of aromatic amino acids?

A. Ninhydrin Test

C. Sakaguchi Test

B. Xanthoproteic Test

D. Millon-Nasse Test

Which reagent is specific for tryptophan?

A nitric acid

B. lead sulfide

C. glyoxylic acid

D. A and B

Which of the following are essential amino acids?

A. Leucine

B. Tyrosine

C. Threonine

D. Two of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following are aromatic amino acids?

A. Tyrosine

B. Tryptophan

D. A and C

E. All of the above

C. Phenylalanine

Which of the following amino acids are nonpolar?

A. Tyrosine

B. Tryptophan

D. A and B

E. B and C

C. Lysine

This level of organization describes the sequence of the amino acids dictated by the order of their peptide bonds.

A. Primary

C. Tertiary

B. Secondary

D. Quaternary

Which stabilizes the helical or sheet-like shape of a peptide?

A. ionic interactions

C. disulfide bonds

B. peptide bonds

D. hydrogen bonds

Hemoglobin is a protein found in our red blood cells. It is responsible for oxygen transport. If hemoglobin is a protein which contains 4 subunits, what protein structure does it possess?

A. Primary

B. Secondary

C. Tertiary

D. Quaternary

Process of disrupting the protein's native conformation without destroying it.

A. Melting

C. Splicing

D. Hydrolysis destroying

B. Denaturation

A molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme is:

A. Cofactor

C. Coenzyme

B. Prosthetic group

D. Substrate

The protein portion of an enzyme is called:

C. Holoenzyme

A. Prosthetic group

B. Apoenzyme

D. Zymogen

The enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, converts ethanol to ethanal. It should have an EC number of:

A. 1

C. 4

B. 3

D. 6

In this type of inhibition, the Vmax decreases and the Km remains the same.

A. competitive

C. uncompetitive

B. non-competitive

D. B and C

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A. Ribose is an aldopentose.

C. Glucose is an aldohexose.

B. Maltose is a ketohexose.

D. Galactose is an aldohexose.

Glucose and mannose are epimers at:

A. Carbon 2

C. Carbon 4

B. Carbon 3

D. Carbon 5

These are types of bonds responsible for linking monosaccharides to form chains of carbohydrates:

A. Peptide bonds

C. Glycosidic bonds

B. Phosphoanhydride bonds

D. Phosphodiester bonds

Alpha-naphthol test is also known as:

A. Molisch Test

C. Anthrone Test

B. Ninhydrin Test

D. Benedict's Test

The following are tests for reducing sugars, EXCEPT:

A. Benedict's Test

C. Felling's Test

B. Barfoed's Test

D. Seliwanoffs Test

Specific test for galactose.

A. Osazone Test

C. Mucic Acid Test

B. Kowarsky Test

D. Phloroglucinol Test

Identify the unknown sugar that yields the followings tests:

Fehling's Test: brick-red ppt. reducing

Barfoed's Test: fast production of brick-red ppt. mono

Mucic acid Test: soluble

Bial's Test: green solution pentose

Seliwanoffs Test: cherry-red solution ketose

A. Ribulose

C. Fructose

B. Ribose

D. Galactose

These are substances grouped together on the basis of their insolubility in water and solubility in most organic solvents.

A. Carbohydrates

C. Lipids

D. Nucleic acids

B. Proteins

Saturated Fatty Acid with 12 carbons:

A. Capric acid

C. Myristic acid

B. Lauric acid

D. Palmitic acid

This lipid provides stored energy and insulation:

A. Triacylglycerol (Triglycerides)

B. Phospholipids

C. Spingolipids

D. Cholesterol

The following are important functions of cholesterol, EXCEPT:

A. It regulates the fluidity of cell membranes.

B. It acts as a precursor for bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones.

C. It is the main sterol form found in plants.

D. It is important in the production of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones.

Building blocks of nucleic acids:

A. Nucleotides

B. Nucleosides

C. Amino acids

D. Purine and pyrimidine bases

What is the composition of a nucleoside?

A. Sugar + phosphate

B. Base + phosphate

C. Base + sugar

D. Base + sugar + phosphate

The following are examples of pyrimidines, EXCEPT:

A. Cystosine

B. Uracil

C. Thymine

D. Adenine

This nitrogenous base can only be found in the structure of RNA

A. A

C. C

B. G

D. U

Which direction does genetic information flow during gene expression?

A. DNA -› Protein -> RNA

C. RNA - Protein - DNA

B. Protein -> RNA - DNA

D. DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Degeneracy of the genetic code refers to the fact that:

A. Codons do not overlap

B. There are more codons than amino acids

C. Code is not universal

D. The genetic code is not always a triple code

Which of the following is the initiation codon?

A. AUG

B. UGA

C. CUA

D. GAA

This type of mutation causes changes in the coded amino acid.

A. Silent

B. Missense

C. Nonsense

D. Transverse

Which of the following is TRUE about glycolysis?

A. It results to increased blood sugar.

B. It aims to produce acetyl-CoA from glucose.

C.It is catabolic.

D. The last five steps consume energy.

Enzyme/s which catalyze the irreversible reactions in glycolysis.

I. PFK 1

II. Hexokinase

Ill. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

IV. Pyruvate kinase

A. I

B. I, II

C. I, II, III

D. I, II, IV

Which enzyme catalyzes the substrate-level phosphorvlation step in the Krebs' Cycle?

A. aconitase

C. malate dehydrogenase

B. citrate synthase

D. succinyl-CoA synthetase

It occurs during hypoglycemia together with an increase in glucagon, thereby stimulating the utilization of non-carbohydrates to increase blood sugar.

A. Glycolysis

C. Gluconeogenesis

B. Glycogenesis

D. Glycogenolysis

Which is not an enzyme used in gluconeogenesis?

A. Pyruvate carboxylase

B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

C. PEP carboxykinase

D. Fructose-1,6-bisphophatase

What GSD involves deficiency of glycogen synthase?

A. GSD 0

B. GSD 1 - von Gierke's Disease

C. GSD 2 - Pompe's Disease

D. GSD 3 - Cori's Disease

Which is the precursor of all purine nucleotides?

A. Orotidine monophosphate (OMP)

C. Xanthosine monophosphate (XMP)

B. Inosine monophosphate (IMP)

D. Uridine monophosphate (UMP)

Which is the precursor of all pyrimidine nucleotides?

A. Orotidine monophosphate (OMP)

C. Xanthosine monophosphate (XMP)

B. Inosine monophosphate (IMP)

D. Uridine monophosphate (UMP)

Which of the following pairs of amino acid and their derivative is CORRECT?

A. Tyrosine: Epinephrine

C. Glycine: Niacin

B. Tryptophan: GABA

D. Serine: nitric oxide

Which of the following pathways does not occur at all inside the mitochondrion, nor within the mitochondrial membranes?

A. Urea cycle

B. Citric acid cycle

C. Glycolysis

D. Beta-oxidation

The Thalleioquin reaction is used to identify this alkaloid:

A. Caffeine

C. Atropine

B. Quinine

D. Morphine

A pyridine-piperidine alkaloid used as a CNS stimulant and smoking deterrent under the brand name Bantron.

A. Arecoline

C. Scopolamine

B. Nicotine

D. Lobeline

Which of the following is not a liquid alkaloid?

A. Conine

C. Nicotine

B. Atropine

D. Sparteine

A mixture of morphine and cocaine used as analgesic in terminally ill cancer patients.

A. Paregoric Elixir

C. Dover's Powder

B. Laudanum

D. Brompton's Cocktail

The following are components of Compound Benzoin Tincture, EXCEPT:

A. Benzoin

B. Arecolin

C. Storax

D. Tolu Balsam

Which of the following are fixed oils used for intramuscular injection?

I. Sesame Oil

Il. Coconut Oil

IIl. Corn Oil

IV. Peanut Oil

A. I, II, III, IV

C. II, Ill, and IV

B. I, lI, and IV

D. I, lIl, and IV

The method of obtaining volatile oil that utilizes sharp tiny projection where a specimen can be rolled.

A. Ecuelle a piquer

C. Enfleurage

B. Enzymatic Action

D. Distillation

The pathologic product of sperm whales used as a base for perfume.

A. Spermaceti

C. Musk

B. Ambergris

D. Civet

In the processing of cow's milk, the liguid separated from the coagulum is called:

A. Whey

B. Cheese

C. Buttermilk

D. Skim

Rutin and Hesperidin in combination is also known as:

A. Vitamin F

B. Vitamin P

C. Vitamin H

D. Vitamin U

This enzyme is found in almonds, and it causes the hydrolysis of beta glucosides (i.e. Amygdalin hydrolyzed into glucose, benzaldehyde, and HCM.) It consists of a mixture of 2 enzymes: prunase and amygdalase.

A. Invertase

B. Myrosin

C. Emulsin

D. Maltase

Which of the following are TRUE for the phytochemical screening tests?

A. The Guignard Test is useful for detecting cyanogenic glycosides.

B. The Bomtrager Test is useful for detecting anthrones.

C. The Wilstatter-Cyanidin Test is useful for detecting cyanophore glycosides.

D. All of the above

The aglycone released from arbutin is:

A. Acrinylisothiocyanate

B. Allylisothiocyanate

C. Hydroquinone

D. Mandelonitrile

This is an antifungal produced from the pyrolysis of castor oil.

A. Azelaic acid

B. Undecylic acid

C. Undecylenic acid

D. None of the above

Known as the deliberate addition of spurious material to a genuine portion with the intent to defraud.

A. Admixture

B. Sophistication

C. Substitution

D. Deterioration

In the perfumery industry, volatile oils are classified into tiers of notes. These note of volatile oils have low volatility and high tenacity. They are often labelled as "fixatives" because of their staying power.

A. Base Note

B. Middle Note

C. Intermediate Note

D. Top Note

What is the correct sequence in the preparation of crude drugs?

A Collection -> Harvesting -> Drying -> Curing -> Packaging → Garbling

B. Collection -> Harvesting → Drying - Curing -> Garbling -> Packaging

C. Harvesting -> Collection -> Drying -> Curing -> Garbling -> Packaging

D. Harvesting -> Collection → Drying -> Curing → Packaging -> Garbling

The following statements regarding isothiocyanate glycosides are TRUE:

I. Constituent of black mustard is sinalbin.

Il. White mustard is Sinapis alba.

III. Sinigrin + myrosin = acrinyl isothiocyanate

IV. Black mustard contains the more volatile isothiocyanate glycoside.

A. I, II

B. III, IV

C. II, IV

D. I, III

It was previously used as a poison and is derived from Tonka beans.

A. Dicoumarol

B. Coumarin

C. Clover

D. Vanilla

Sanguinaria canadensis

A. Purine

B. Isoquinoline

C. Steroidal

D. Indole

E. Imidazole

Rauwolfia serpentina

A. Purine

B. Isoquinoline

C. Steroidal

D. Indole

E. Imidazole

Cola nitida

A. Purine

B. Isoquinoline

C. Steroidal

D. Indole

E. Imidazole

Glandular trichomes

A. Lamiaceae

B. Pinaceae

C. Piperaceae

D. Rutaceae

E. Apiaceae

Vittae

A. Lamiaceae

B. Pinaceae

C. Piperaceae

D. Rutaceae

E. Apiaceae

Modified parenchymal cells

A. Lamiaceae

B. Pinaceae

C. Piperaceae

D. Rutaceae

E. Apiaceae

Cinnamomum camphora

A. Phenolic Ether V.O.

B. Alcohol V.O.

C. Aldehyde V.O.

D. Ketone V.O.

E. Ester V.O.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

A. Phenolic Ether V.O.

B. Alcohol V.O.

C. Aldehyde V.O.

D. Ketone V.O.

E. Ester V.O.

Myristica fragrans

A. Phenolic Ether V.O.

B. Alcohol V.O.

C. Aldehyde V.O.

D. Ketone V.O.

E. Ester V.O.

Coriandrum sativum

A. Phenolic Ether V.O.

B. Alcohol V.O.

C. Aldehyde V.O.

D. Ketone V.O.

E. Ester V.O.

Gaultheria procumbens

A. Phenolic Ether V.O.

B. Alcohol V.O.

C. Aldehyde V.O.

D. Ketone V.O.

E. Ester V.O.

Citrulus vulgaris

A. Amarillo

B. Balimbing

C. Dita

D. Kamias

E. Pakwan

Tagetes erecta

A. Amarillo

B. Balimbing

C. Dita

D. Kamias

E. Pakwan

Averrhoa bilimbi

A. Amarillo

B. Balimbing

C. Dita

D. Kamias

E. Pakwan

Alstonia scholaris

A. Amarillo

B. Balimbing

C. Dita

D. Kamias

E. Pakwan

Averrhoa carambola

A. Amarillo

B. Balimbing

C. Dita

D. Kamias

E. Pakwan

Which of the following biomolecules is not a polymer?

a. Protein

b. Fats

c. Carbohydrate

d. Nucleic acid

ETC occurs in which part/organelle of the cell?

a. Cytosol

b. Nucleus

c. Ribosomes

d. Mitochondria

Which of the following is the precursor of dopamine

a. Phenylalanine

b. Tyrosine

c. Serine

d. Arginine

Which of the following stabilizes the primary structure?

a. Ionic interactions

b. Peptide bonds

c. Disulfide bonds

d. Two of the choices

This nonessential amino acid is used to shuttle end products of metabolism in the muscle to the liver for gluconeogenesis

a. Phenylalanine

b. Arginine

c. Alanine

d. Histidine

What is the characteristic R group of tryptophan?

a. Thiol

b. Indole

c. Phenol

d. Guanidino

What is the characteristic R group of isoleucine?

a. Isobutyl

b. Sec-butyl

c. Isopropyl

d. Methyl

What is the characteristic R group of tyrosine?

a. Thiol

b. Thioether

c. Phenol

d. Guanidino

Used in one of the first sequencing techniques for proteins, and was critical in the deduction of the insulin structure

a. Sanger reagent

b. Edman reagent

c. Cyanogen bromide

d. Aminopeptidase

Which are the amidic amino acids?

a. Q and E

b. D and E

c. N and Q

d. D and N

This variable can be plotted against enzyme velocity to yield a hyperbolic plot

a. pH

b. Enzyme

c. Substrate

d. Temperature

This refers to any nonprotein portion of the holoenzyme

a. Coenzyme

b. Zymogen

c. Apoenzyme

d. Cofactor

The enzyme with EC number 3.1.1.3 belongs to what class?

a. Transferase

b. Isomerase

c. Oxidoreductase

d. Hydrolase

The following statements are true, except?

a. Cofactors are organic or metal ions required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis

b. Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins

c. Coenzymes can either be organic or inorganic

d. None of the above

These enzymes facilitate the removal of a certain functional group in a biochemical process

a. Lyase

b. Ligase

c. Oxidoreductases

d. Transferases

These enzymes facilitate condensation reactions that connect carbon chains together

a. Lyase

b. Ligase

c. Oxidoreductases

d. Transferases