Matter/Thermo Exam Terms

anything that has mass and takes up space

the amount of space an object takes up

the amount of matter in an object

how much mass is in a volume: mass/volume=?

the property of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force

the resistance of a liquid to flow

changes with gravity: though the mass is constant as gravity changes

a way to measure the amount of force being applied to a certain area: force/area=? (kPa)

a well mixed mixture

the smaller percent of the solution that is being dissolved by the solvent

the larger percent of the solution that does the dissolving

a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated (with filtering, etc.)

how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature

this type of solution doesn’t dissolve when new solute is added because it has already dissolved as much solute as it is capable of

this type of solution continues to dissolve when new solute is added because it has not reached its maximum dissolving capacity

when the temperature of a saturated solution is increased, any new solute should now be able to dissolve and becomes this type of solution

a phase change: when matter changes from one state to another

a phase change on a molecular level: including/due to chemicals

the smallest particle of an element

two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined

water boils at 100 degrees celsius

water freezes at 0 degrees celsius

this type of mixture is made up of different compositions, appearances, and properties

This type of mixture is made up of the same composition, appearances, and properties

a pure substance formed from chemical combinations of two or more different elements

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by any chemical means

can change shape under certain conditions: ex. playdough

atoms arranged in a repeating pattern

inverse relationship between volume and pressure where: volume decreased - pressure of gas increased, volume increased - pressure of gas decreased

relation ship between volume and temperature where: volume decreased - temperature of gas decreased, volume increased - temperature of gas increased

measurement of average movement of molecules in a substance: faster the molecules move, the warmer

any reaction that gets warmer or releases heat

any reaction that gets colder or absorbs heat

temperature at which a substances changes from a solid to a liquid

a solution that has only a little solute

a solution that has a lot of solute

a solid that forms from a solution in a chemical reaction

the study of the patterns of energy change

when a hot and cold body come in contact and reach the same temperature

the maximum amount of heat an object can give up or take in

heat is transferred by direct contact: ex. cooking something on a pan on a gas stove

when hot air rises and allows cooler air to come in and be heated: heat transferred by gas or liquid

when heat is transferred by electro-magnetic waves

input a certain amount of energy, and the same amount is your outcome: energy can be changed from one form to another

the exchange of thermal energy from a hot body to a cold body

the directed movement of matter from one location to another

a variable that isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

a variable that depends on other factors

due to heat the speed of particles increase and metals get bigger

cooling metals have particles that are slowing down, meaning the metal will revert back to its original form.

a reaction where bases do not react with acids

changes color in the presence of an acid or a base

the speed of a group of molecules in a gas

solutes lower solvent’s freezing points, and raise the boiling points

a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns litmus paper red

a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns litmus paper blue

a substance that “eats away” or breaks down other materials: ex. acid is this

the energy an object has because of its motion

the energy that is stored, or “conserved” in an object or substance

the law where matter is never created or destroyed under any conditions