AP PSYCH S1 FINAL EXAM

study of behavior and mental process

focus on good things/what makes life worth living (opposite of Froid)

lifetime of changes: study anything and everything that happens

research/studies

receives patients

prevention of disorders

general wellbeing of people, could look at stress

workplace management

everything around us, your setting

assumes that behavior and mental processes are largely shaped by biological processes

assumes that the behavior and mental processes of animals and humans today are also the result of evolution through natural selection

A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behavior

assumes that behavior and mental processes are largely shaped by biological processes (hormones and chemicals)

focuses on how we take in, mentally represent, and store information; how we perceive and process that information; and how all these cognitive processes affect our behavior

approach: see behavior as determined primarily by each person’s capacity to choose how to think and act

Social identity and other background factors, such as gender, ethnicity, social class, and culture

various approaches to treat people

guide for psychology through the scientific method – took psychology out of philosophy

genetics

environment

knowledge based (not fixing a problem)

you’re going to do something with the research

prediction/guess (could be wrong)

must define things specifically and cannot be up to interpretation

observe in its natural environment cannot interfere only observe, hard to replicate so things happen normally but it’s hard to not be seen or disturb environment

an in-depth investigation for something new or rare (positive) but it might not be representative of the population

gets the treatment/what you’re testing

baseline; status quo

(IV) controlled/manipulated

(DV) measured – end result

researcher and experimenter know nothing, 3rd party does (ideal)

everyone in the population had an equal chance of being selected (large population is worse)

people selected is a good mix

everyone in the sample can be assigned either group, experimental or control group – equal chance regardless of amount in group

the greater the range, the greater the SD, greater the SD the more variability (CONSITANCY)

variables are going in the same direction

variable is going in the opposite direction

correlation doesn’t exist (superstitions, stereotypes)

strengths and direction (+1.0 to -1.0)

results did not come by chance; results mean something

occurs at the end; doesn’t always happen, you have to let the participants know that they were lied to

basic building block of the nervous system; releases neurotransmitters

parts of the nervous system not housed in bone

control voluntary movements (motor)

automatic movements

gets body ready to go “fight or flight”

Parasympathetic nervous system: after sympathetic nervous system and calms you down

The parts of the nervous system encased in bone; specifically, the brain and the spinal cord.

(electroencephalograph) skull cap that measures the electrical activity in the brain – simplifies what happening in the brain (used for coma patients, sleep studies, or other brain injuries)

(magnetic resonance imaging) similar machine to CAT scan but you get a more detailed photo of everything because the brain is exposed to a magnetic field

located in the hindbrain and controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and other vital functions

part of hindbrain that controls coordination of movements, storehouse for well-rehearsed movements, memory, impulse controls, pain, emotion, language, telling time, etc.

structure in forebrain that associates feature of stimuli from 2 different senses, shape and feel objects in memory, involved in fear and other emotions, can influence our sensitivity to other people and the strength of our reactions to their facial expressions

part of forebrain that is under the thalamus, is involved in regulating hunger, thirst, and sex drive

biggest and most complex part of the brain and controls speech (left hemisphere), personality and decision making (left hemisphere), and muscle movement

sense of touch and body position

hearing, facial recognition, memory

vision

a neurotransmitter that is used by the parasympathetic system (slows heartbeat and activate digestive system, important for movement and memory; lack of can lead to Alzheimer’s Disease

neurotransmitter that is involved with mood, appetite, and impulsivity; not enough can lead to depression

helps with movements and makes you happy (reward neurotransmitter); has nothing to do with depression (TOO MUCH – can develop schizophrenia; NOT ENOUGH – can cause Parkinson’s Disease)

messages from the sense that affects many kinds of behavior and metal processes

the process of converting incoming energy into neural activity

process through which responsiveness to an unchanging stimulus decreases over time.

the translation of physical properties of a stimulus into a pattern of nerve cell activity that specifically identifies those properties

eardrum (accessory structure)

hole/tear in eardrum, fluid buildup or blockage in middle ear, ossicles are not working like they should

transduction issue; hair cells in the cochlea are damaged (as we get older or extended exposure to loud noise)

(higher pitched frequency) hair cells at a particular “location/spot” on the basilar membrane respond to a certain frequency of sound

(lower pitched frequency) finding rate of a neuron in the auditory nerve can “match” the frequency of sound wave

black & white/see in the dark; peripheral vision

help see color

ability to see details; greatest in the fovea

we have cones that are sensitive to 3 colors (red – long wavelength, green – medium wavelength, blue – short wavelength)

color sensitive elements are opposite; what we register is not the same color (red-green, blue-yellow, black-white)

blending of the senses

connects the limbic system

Suggests that the spinal cord that either let pain travel to the brain or block it

Neurotransmitter that deals with pain control

A proprioceptive sense; position of head & movement (dizziness)

Proprioceptive sense that tells you were your body parts are in respect to one another

analysis of energy

take in everything (details), (new)

take in information in bigger chunks (experience)

take in very little (adapted)

research that looks at physical energy and the psychological experience (research looks at sensation and perception)

smallest amount/minimum of energy needed to detect 50% or more of the time (weakest amount)

when you do notice change/difference in stimuli

weight change that is noticeable

figure is your focus, everything else is background

close together, goes together

similar characteristics go together

fill in the gaps

joined together, goes together

brain helps determine the size of something based on a comparison to another

the higher something is, the further it is

the more texture seen, the closer the object is

using your senses (data) first to perceive; no experience/expectations (BABIES)

experience/knowledge driven

We will hear our name, certain voices you now well