Apush midterm but

1. French in Canada2. Fur trade3. Coureur de bois (runners of the woods)4. Prior Conflictsa. King Williams Warb. Queen Anne's Warc. King George's War

VA Landowners make claim in 1749French Fort DuquesneLoss of Fort Necessity

Called by Crown in 17547/13 colonies send delegatesBen Franklin served as leader Albany Plan of Union

Attempt to set up layered government in coloniesNo colonial assemblies agreed to itCrown suggested body of one representative from each colony, not acceptedColonies preferred to have red coats fight rather than unite for defense

Colonial resentmentPontiae Rebellion in 1763 (British troops return) Proclamation line of 1763Colonies to be taxed for defense Growth of colonial unityBritish resentment of colonies

Gained a charter in New World, landed outside of VA Company territory, become squatters in PlymouthMayflower compact

Agreement to form crude, democratic governmentLed tone meetings, law making, self governmentWilliam Bradford- 1st governor

Formed in 1629 by Joint Stock Co.Less radical separatistsRoyal charter, supported by KingBoston becomes hubJohn Winthrop- 1st GovernorEconomy based on fur-trading, ship building, fishing

Purpose of Government- enforce God's LawsNot true democracy "if the people should be governors, who should be governedFreeman (adult males who belonged to the Puritan "Congregation") only elected 'visible saints'

Persecution on QuakersAnne Hutchinson- antinomianism(opposed predestination)Roger Williams

Rhode Island created by Roger WilliamsExtreme separatists- government should not regulate religionFreedom of religionCalled a sewer by clergy- haven for those w/ nowhere else to goGranted charter in 1644

Native Americans last attempt to avoid recognizing English authority14 months kingLack of unity between NA'sUnity between colonists

Thomas Hooker and Puritans found Hartford in 1635Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (FIRST CONSTITUTION GOVERNMENT)New Haven was originally independent, merged in 1662

War in England that gave thrown to William II, Prince of Orange and Mary IIParliament given majority of powerNo catholic could be a monarchParliament > King

Alliance between Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven (New Hampshire was rejected)- feared NA's, Dutch, and FrenchRepresentative body, FIRST TIME COLONIES JOINED FOR MUTUAL PROTECTION

Charles I vs Parliament, over religious freedoms, the Magna Carta (FIRST LIMIT TO A MONARCHS POWER), English common lawCharles was executed

Mega colony of NE ConfederationBanned by EnglandNavigation Laws and heavy taxes enforced by Sir Edmund Edwards

Governor of Virginia, New Jersey, New York, and MarylandAnglicanEnforced Navigation Acts

Restrictions on colonial trade-only english imports-only export goods to England

1. Explore2. Establish a colony3. Establish favorable balance of trade

England turned a blind eye towards the colonies, had little control, takes were lower, navigation laws weren't enforcedbeginnings of self governance

Colony established by Dutch, Britain took controlSubject of Native American attacks, control briefly returned to Dutch1st colony to control Royal Charter

Quakers, wouldn't pay taxes to established church, no oaths, persecutedFounded Pennsylvania

Import takes put on glass, white lead, paper, paint and teasAngered colonists (lack of representation and taxes were used to pay royal governors)Increase in colonist paranoiaEncouraged smuggling2 British regiments were brought to control colonists

Government w/ elected officialsRid system of greed and corruptionCivic responsibility- set aside selfish interests

Group within parliament that opposed kings treatment of colonies (loyal opposition)

Tax on sugar and molassesGovernor illegally raided taxesUnrest among colonistsShips were seized, hampered maritime trade

Colonists forced to build barracked for redcoats or house themReduced British expenses

Taxed paper goods, inspired unityStamp Act Congress

Continental congress that opposed stamp actApproved Rights and Grievances10 colonies and 27 representatives

System to enforce Navigation ActsNo jury, guilty until proven innocent, defendants represented themselves

Parliament governed and taxed coloniesColonists accepted legislation, opposed taxes w/o representation

No Americans in parliament, didn't believe in parliaments right to tax

Colonial refusal to import British goods

Patriotic AmericansViolent radicalsProtested British rule

"Britain has authority to tax colonies"Reserve right to tax after they repealed Stamp Act

Red coats fired on rowdy colonists, who were antagonizing the troops11 casualties

Started by Sam Adam, spread spirit of resistance

Tyrannical King during revolution who surrounded himself with "yes men"

George III's prime ministerRepealed Townsend Acts

Thomas Hutchinson: Governor of MassachusettsBritish East India Company gained monopoly over tea sales in the coloniesShowed solidarity w/ tea merchants

As punishment for the Boston Tea Party, the Boston harbor was closed

1774British needed to regulate French Canadians after they acquired French landAllowed French to practice Catholicism, French people could return to original land

PhiladelphiaRepresentative body of colonies12/13 colonies attendedResponse to intolerable acts because they believe British violated their rights

Soldiers sent to seize storesAmerican minutemen forced British retreat70 redcoats killed

60000 troops along w/ hessian troopsStrongest navy in the worldResources for war

DefensiveFighting for a causeLess dependent on BritainFrench allianceLeadership

Philadelphia, 1775All 13 colonies were presentCongress was still on the conservative side, didnt want independence yetNew list of appeals, all rejectedSent Olive Branch PetitionTried to raise money for defenseElected John Hancock as leader

Colonists wanted same rights and British citizensIgnored

Benjamin Arnold and Ethan AllenSeizing of British fortAllen's troops captured near crown point

Major battle in 1775 in Boston, British won but suffered double the casualties

Pamphlet written by Thomas pain as an appeal to the middle classSpread liberal/radical ideas as well as political and religious ideasClarified ideas of revolution and claimed the time was nowVery effective

Life is nasty, brutish and shirtMost natural form of government is and absolute monarchy

Stability and securityBetter to be feared than lovedEnds justify the means

tabula rasa (blank slate)Social contract/natural rights

Life, liberty, and propertyPromise to protect others life liberty and propertyGovernment to protect citizens life liberty and property

Citizens willingly subordinate private and social interests to the common goofedDependent on virtue of citizens

"We are born free and everywhere in chains"The general willPopular sovereignty

checks and balances

Wealth of nations-1776Natural laws of economicsSupply and demand, competition, laissez faire, invisible hand

Runaway republicanism- everyone is equal

Everyone is totally equal, fear that masses aren't smart enough to have political control

Free market, citizen controlled

Concept that oldest son would inherit everything, not practiced in America

Anglican Church in America, disestablished in colonies due to separation of church and stateWeren't close enough to authority

Success depends on selflessness, LockianRepublican Motherhood, lots of kids and teach them to practice civic virtue

Chartered government to admit states into union and use money to settle French and national debt

Red letter law, splitting up land, townships to be 36 square miles, benefit of public schoolsStates persuaded to drop claims to land in Northwest territoryOnce a region achieved a population of 60000 it could apply for statehood

Drafted before Independence in 1781, ratified by all 13 colonies. Loosely formed group of states, doomed to fail. Frame work, no balance or executive branch, states were essentially independent from one another

Colonies had rocky foreign relations and Britain refused to revoke navigation acts

Hurt both economics, both countries went into debt

Pirate from North Africa, America had no navy. America sent merchant ships that were captured and prevented trade in the Mediterranean

Congress was unsure how to collect money. States levied heavy taxes on one another. As paper money continued to depreciate interstate trade was hindered.

Veterans turned farmers were losing land in Massachusetts. Daniel Shays led a rebellion, disbanded by Massachusetts authority

Lower interest rates, help economic growth, national currency

Lawless control of public affairs by the populace.

Convention in Philadelphia sparked by inability to control commerce. Convention was saved by Alexander Hamilton

Washington was unanimously voted leader of the Constitutional Convention

James Madison because of his significant contributions

Things like the pirate Dey of Algiers, Daniel Shays, and the continued enforcement of the navigation laws proved to be an invincible founding father as the attendees sought to protect republicanism

Representation based on population, became the House

Equal representation, each state had one voteBecame senate

Congress would be divided into two houses, the House (representation based on population) and the Senate (equal representation for the states)

indirect method of election for presidentWithout majority the election would be decided by Congress

Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person when determining population

Universal male suffrage should be feared

strong central government, led by Hamilton

Strong state government, led by Jefferson

New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, Boston

Lutheran Dutch who settled in Pennsylvania, 1/3 of colonies population was German

Small insurrection against affairs of Eastern colonies, small towns didnt like wealthy city dwellers

18 were not english, 8 hadn't been born in colonies

10% owned 2/3 of taxable wealth

Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities

ministers- most honored positionPhysicians- poorly trained, didnt garner much respectLawyers- considered noisy trouble makers

90%

Important export, sent to catholic countries in Europe

Carpenter charged w/ murder was released because his wood working skills were needed

Aimed at cutting of colonial trade w/ French West Indies

Or tax supported, in 1775 were Anglican and Congregational