Chemistry - Test 4

first suggested the existence of the atom and gave it the name "atomos" meaning "can not be cut"

taught that all materials were not made of atoms but of the 4 elements: earth, fire, water, and air

believed that atoms were solid spheres created the solid sphere model

1. all matter is made of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible

2. all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties

3. compounds are formed by a combination of 2 or more different kinds of atoms

4. a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

discovered the electron plum pudding model

negatively charged subatomic particle with a mass of 1/1836 amu that orbits the nucleus

discovered protons via the gold foil experiment and said that atoms are mostly empty space with a positive center and random electrons

positively charged subatomic particle with a mass of 1 amu, found in the nucleus; atomic number is the number of protons

discovered the neutron

a subatomic particle with no charge, a mass of 1 amu, and found in the nucleus; the mass number is the sum of protons + neutrons

solar system atom where electrons traveled in orbits around the nucleus

electron cloud model of an atom

atoms of a same element but different atomic masses due to different number of neutrons

arrangement of elements in increasing atomic number with similar properties in same columns; Mendeleev used mass/Moseley used atomic numbers

element that are ductile, malleable, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity

metal property that allows it to be drawn into a wire

property of metals that allows them to be hammered into a foil

element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electricity

elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals

a horizontal row on the periodic table

vertical column on the periodic table whose elements have similar properties

any metal in Group 1 of the periodic table

any metal in Group 2

Group B (3-12) elements

elements from Group 17

unreactive gases found in Group 18

elements in the 6th period, located underneath the main body of the periodic table in order to save space

elements in the 7th period, located underneath the main body of the periodic table in order to save space

the Group A elements of the periodic table

shorthand notation of the arrangement of electrons in an atom according to increasing energy

• cirlce (s), figure 8 (p), cloverleaf (d),

electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy first

an orbital has a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins

every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied (with same spin) before any orbital is double occupied

decrease to the right and increase as you go down the periodic table

increase to the right and decrease as you go down the periodic table

increase to the right and decrease as you go down the periodic table