Platyhelminthes

What are the 2 superphyla of triploblastic metazoans?

What are the 2 large clades of protostomes

possess a cuticle that is molted as their bodies grow

-Minute, translucent, and roughly top-shaped. \n -Have a prominent circlet of cilia and sometimes one or two accessory circlets.

unique group of lophotrochozoan protostomes that \n contain Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, and Gnathifera

Commonly called flatworms; vary in size from a millimeter to many meters in length like tapeworms

some flatworms are free-living; others _______

• Mostly free-living with some symbiotic and parasitic forms.

• Bottom dwellers in marine areas or freshwater streams, pools, and hot springs.

• Terrestrial flatworms limited to moist places.

class of mostly ectoparasites

classes of mostly endoparasites

Platyhelminth Characteristics

1. ______ clear defining feature

2. ________ environments

3. _______ symmetry, body flattened dorsoventrally.

4. Adult body ________ in layers

5. Body plan _________.

6. Gut _______, absent in cestodes.

7. ________ reproduction by segmentation, and other methods in parasitic life cycles.

parasitic species have an external body covering called a _______ that has many nuclei enclosed within a cell membrane

segment of a tapeworm that contains its own reproductive system

outer coating in tubellarians

Most turbellarians have ________ in the epidermis.

clade for 3 parasitic classes of platyhelminths

Endoparasite tegument has a ______ nature that allows more resistance due to lack of penetrable junctions between cells.

fasten microvilli of anchor cells to substrate in tubellarian epidermis

Endoparasite tegument can be absorptive and secretory where secreted enzymes can _______and absorb __________

Most tapeworms have no ____ and lack complete ________.

in parasites, mouth opens at ______ end

have no digestive system, generally rely on the host’s digestive tract and absorb digested nutrients as small molecules.

The end host must be a ______, but intermediate hosts can be other species

What are the hosts in sheep liver fluke?

What are the hosts of human liver fluke?

What are the hosts of blood flukes (schisosoma)?

most important human liver fluke that also infects cats, \n dogs, and pigs

what are the hosts of lung flukes?

top part of tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks, allows attachment to the host

where are new proglottids generated?

most common tapeworm, common for human infection and lives in the alimentary canal

how many branched in tubellarian intestine?

involves constricting behind the pharynx and separating then each half regenerates the missing parts for rapid population growth

Tubellarian papilla-like penis or extensible copulatory organ

how big are species in class turbellaria?

have a gut with many branches

how are tubellarians distinguished?

have a three-branched intestine

how do tubellarians move?

class trematoda lacks ________ of monogean flukes

class trematoda consists of parasitic flukes and most adults are ______ of _________.

first and last hosts of subclass digenea

free-swimming ciliated digenean larva

dignean life cycle…

-Miracidium penetrates tissues of a snail and is transformed into a _______ \n -Sporocyst reproduces asexually to form ______ \n -Rediae reproduce ____ to form _____ which emerge from snail to penetrate final host.

cercaria develop into juvenile flukes called _______

what suckers does the human liver fluke have?

large ventral groove in male blood flukes that is posterior to the ventral sucker and wraps around female in mating season

known as swimmers itch

small projections similar to microvilli that cover the surface of cestodes, increase the surface area for \n food absorption

Adults live in small intestines of humans, most common mode of infection occurs when pigs consume infected human fecal material containing fertilized eggs.

pork tapeworm larvae can migrate to organs and form ______