Studied by 4 peoplemultinational corporations
§ Change may occur as new actors, including ________ and nongovernmental organizations, augment or replace state actors.
Alliances
________ tend to be long term, based on relatively permanent, not shifting, interests.
Economic disparities
________ are built into the structure, and all actions are constrained by it.
capitalism
For Marxists, crippling stratification in the system is caused by ________.
Radicals
________ seek to describe and explain the structure of the international system in terms of stratification, the uneven division of resources among different groups of states.
hegemon
The ________ enforces norms and ensures the continuation of the system.
Comprehensiveness
________: you can not understand the whole by only referencing its parts; it enables scholars to organize the seemingly disjointed parts of the international system into a whole; it permits theorizing about change.
Unipolarity
________: one state commands influence in the international system by virtue of size, economic and /or military capability, or organizational competence.
Warsaw Pact
Bipolarity: in the bipolar system of the Cold War, each of the blocs (NATO and ________) sought to negotiate rather than fight, to fight minor wars rather than major ones, and to fight major wars rather than fail to eliminate the rival bloc.
O Bipolar systems
________ are very difficult to regulate formally, since neither uncommitted states nor international organizations are able to direct the behavior of either of the two blocs.
Systems theory
________ is a holistic, top- down approach.
System management
________ and stability: realists do not agree among themselves on how polarity matters.
Social norms
________ may change through collective action or through individuals.
New International Economic Order
The call for the ________ (NIEO) in the 1970s is an example of a radical effort to empower the South.
Multiple interactions
________ occur among different parties, and various actors learn from the interaction.
multiple channels
There are ________ connecting states, and multiple issues and agendas arise in the interdependent system.
individual level
At the ________, change occurs through persuasion and through internationalization of new norms.
Multipolarity
________: if there are a number of influential actors in the international system, a balance- of- power, or multipolar, system is formed.
§ Change
________ may occur because of changes in the relative importance of different issue areas, such as the increasing focus on economic issues, human rights, and the environment.
Polarity
________: system ________ refers to the number of blocs of states that exert power in the international system.
International institutions
________ are created to moderate state behavior.
multinational corporations
Actors include not only states but international governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, ________, and substate actors.
Economic disparities
________ are built into the structure of the system.
Polarity
system polarity refers to the number of blocs of states that exert power in the international system
Multipolarity
if there are a number of influential actors in the international system, a balance-of-power, or multipolar, system is formed
Bipolarity
in the bipolar system of the Cold War, each of the blocs (NATO and Warsaw Pact) sought to negotiate rather than fight, to fight minor wars rather than major ones, and to fight major wars rather than fail to eliminate the rival bloc
Unipolarity
one state commands influence in the international system by virtue of size, economic and/or military capability, or organizational competence
System management and stability
realists do not agree among themselves on how polarity matters
Comprehensiveness
you cannot understand the whole by only referencing its parts; it enables scholars to organize the seemingly disjointed parts of the international system into a whole; it permits theorizing about change
The 1648 Treaties of Westphalia are important because they marked the rise of religious authority uniting Europe.
False
Individuals have very little influence over or impact on international relations.
False
A “nation” is defined as a group of individuals that are citizens of the same state.
False
The international system currently could be accurately characterized as being unipolar in nature.
False
Our current state-centric system of international relations traces its' roots back to the Treaty of Westphalia.
True
International relations are exclusively driven by central governments and heads of state rather than by ordinary citizens.
False
Nationalism is one of the most potent and powerful forces in the world.
True
From the Realist perspective, the defining characteristic of the international system is anarchy.
True
Social media and new forms of communication technology have significantly empowered the individual in terms of international relations.
True
The international system is currently bipolar in its' orientation.
False
A is a state that has such overwhelming political, military and economic power that it dominates the international sphere.
hegemon
proposes that individuals, both alone and in groups, act in patterned ways.
Behavioralism
refers to a state's absolute authority and perpetual power. This means it is free from external interference and its' rule and actions cannot be challenged by other states.
Sovereignty
According to Marxists and most other radicals, the international system is characterized by crippling stratification caused by .
capitalism
The international system from the 19th Century through the end of World War II was primarily characterized as a ___ system.
balance of power
The international system during the Cold War was in nature.
bipolar
Liberals view the international system as a
process
For realists, the basic ordering principle of the international system is .
anarchy
Liberals believe that is essential to progress and stability in the international system.
multilateralism
Radicals seek to explain the international system through , the uneven division of resources and power between different groups of states.
stratification
A "nation" is a
group of self-identifying people that are united by culture, history, language, religion \n and social norms.
Why is 1648 a seminal year for scholars of international relations?
It marked a decrease of religious authority \n in Europe, and the rise of secular authority in the form of sovereign states.
The three levels of analysis in the international system are:
the individual, the state and the international system.
How would realists explain the opposition of certain countries to the 2003 Iraq War?
They felt the war was not in their national interest.
Neorealists such as Kenneth Waltz focus primarily on
the international system’s structure.
The idea that institutions such as the League of Nations and the United Nations will significantly change international politics is a product of ________ thinking.
liberal
What does collective security involve?
States band together, promising that if one member is attacked there will be a collective response against the aggressor.
Who do realists believe are the primary actors in international relations?
states
To what does the term polarity refer?
the number of influential blocs that exert power in the international system
At the end of the Gulf War, given the power and position of the United States, many states became worried that the international system had become
unipolar.
Which actors do liberals NOT see as important in the international system?
individual voters
Multilateralist actions involve
coordination among several states.
Marxists argue that the international system empowers the rich and disenfranchises the weak, and that the capitalist tools used to perpetuate this system include all of the following EXCEPT
labor unions.
According to constructivists, what causes change in the international system?
changing ideas and cultural change
A currently rapidly rising power that could greatly alter the international system is
China.
What does the realist concept of anarchy entail?
no authority above the state at the international level
Realists argue that states act in a unitary way in pursuit of their national interest, which is defined in terms of __________________________.
a desire to gain power.
A set of propositions and concepts that combine to explain phenomena by specifying the relationships among the propositions is _______________________.
collective security
Democratic peace theory argues that
democracies are unlikely to go to war with other democracies.
For constructivists, a key source of power is
ideas
In bipolar systems, alliances are long-term relationships based on interests, whereas in multipolar balance-of-power systems alliances are short-term relationships formed for a specific purpose.
True
Stratification in the international system refers to the uneven distribution of resources among different groups of states.
True
Liberals view the international system as being made up of numerous actors, including multinational corporations, nongovernmental organizations, and substate entities.
True
Realists attribute changes in the international system to
changes in the power relationship among the main actors in the system.
The fact that India’s development of nuclear weapons made Pakistan less secure, leading it to pursue nuclear weapons as well, illustrates…
the security dilemma.
System
Assemblage of objects, units, or parts that are united by some form of regular interaction
Traditional Realists believe that the international system
states can shape the system
Neorealists believe that the international system
states are more constrained by the system
Two Norms of Bipolar International System
Tight and Loose
Tight
International Organizations do not develop or are ineffective
Loose
International Organizations can develop to mediate between the two blocs
Note
Flashcard