REBP SBA

study where no. of similar people are randomly assigned to 2/more groups to test specific drug/treatment/intervention. 1 group (experimental group) has the intervention being tested, the other (comparison/control group) has alternative intervention/placebo/ no intervention at all.

treatment assignment (to either experimental or control group) is unknown to patients

neither the subjects nor the investigators know who is receiving the active treatment

The study subjects, investigators, and statistician analysing the data are kept in the dark.

gradual change in practice without founded evidence base

Deviating from standard practice/loss of knowledge despite it existing

The duty of all persons to exercise a reasonable amount of care in their dealings with others. Failure to exercise due care is negligence.

consent in appropriate setting, issue information in advance of treatment date

Participants privacy must be protected/keep data secure + confidential

researchers not put participants in a situation where they might be at risk of harm as a result of their participation/ pt should fully understand + can pull out whenever

participants should be fully aware of risk/benefit of study + option of not participating

Entails giving participants comprehensive info concerning nature + purpose of study + their role in it.

pts should be able to see/obtain copies of their medical records + request corrections if they identify errors.

The systematic enquiry of materials + sources to extend knowledge + reach new conclusions.

evaluation of how well a service is achieving its aims. designed + conducted to define/judge a current service. results can be used to inform local decision making

The use of research methods to determine whether existing clinical knowledge, skills and resources are effective and are being properly used/investigating effect care has on outcome + quality of life for pts

The process utilised for data collection process

What was carried out/ Research Design Choices

model e.g., Qualitative Data, Quantitative Data, Mixed Data

Understand subjective experiences, beliefs, and concepts, emphasizes people's experiences in their own words, and researcher's interpretation of those experiences

Measure variables, describe frequencies, averages, and correlations, Test hypotheses + effectiveness of new treatment/ program/product

research approach combining quantitative + qualitative elements; involves measurable data + the individual's subjective response to it.

Multiple methods used to increase the validity of the findings - 'data triangulation'

a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant to collect (hopefully) consistent data from many people

A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information/Ideas can be explored in-depth with a smaller group

a detailed study for gathering information and analysing it.

Validity Reliability Interesting Succinct avoid jargon ethically approved

entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research

open ended closed ended Scaled questions

Structured Semi structured Focus Group/Group Interview Unstructured

A change in a subject's behavior caused by the awareness of being studied

Experimental Quasi Experimental Surveys Longitudinal Studies Audits

manipulation of independent variable + measure a dependent variable to determine a cause-and-effect relationship

compares two groups that already exist in the population/ compare preselected variables to assess impact of variable changes

studies the same variables multiple times over time

Measures against Standards/Assesses current practice against guidelines

experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

measured variable whose value depends on independent variable.

a factor other than the independent variable that might impact experiment

Aim- expresses intention/aspiration of study Objectives- explains how aims are to be accomplished/SMART

systematic reviews of primary research in human health care and health policy; currently the highest standard in evidence-based health care. They investigate the effects of interventions for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

Statistical analysis of trial data from multiple studies; Combining these brings high confidence to the results obtained so practice may change.

The process of critically evaluating research

Limitations are present in every study. in well-designed study these are not "failings" but limits of what the investigation can achieve. understanding these limitations, develops an understanding of potential impact and future research before collecting any data.

How the finding may be important for policy, practice, theory and future research, supported by the evidence/ study's parameters explained by the limitations/ How will your research affect the targeted participants

practical theoretical

direct impact of the finding on related practices/participants

how does it inform or shape theory?

is conducting research so that others trust and have confidence in the methods used +the findings that result Creates trust and confidence in the institution, research output and wider research community

Moral standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong

Set of principles governing the research to protect research participants' dignity, rights and welfare. Traditionally based on investigating human experiences, now includes future impact on humans and the environment.

excellence of any kind A virtuous person is right in the middle, able to see + do what is right in the specific situation, and knows how to avoid the extremes of showing too little or too much

set of guidelines for ethical practice in research

undergone several revisions. shares many basic principles of the Nuremberg Code, but some differences e.g., allowed consent by a legal guardian if the research participant can't consent.

• falsification

• fabrication

• misinterpretation

• plagiarism

• manipulation/malicious accusation

specific measurable achievable reliability time-bound