Music History 1- Test 1- Terms

Philosophers who discussed the role of music in life, with Pythagoras focusing on acoustics and pitch mathematics, Plato on music reflecting ideal forms, and Aristotle on music imitating human action.

Ethos refers to music's influence on character and behavior, while the Apollonian represents purity and discipline, and the Dionysian embodies pleasure and emotional arousal in art.

Tetrachords are four-pitch units forming scales, with diatonic having whole tones and semitones, chromatic having augmented tones, and enharmonic having quarter tones.

Martianus Capella linked music to the liberal arts, with trivium focusing on grammar, rhetoric, dialectic, and quadrivium on arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.

Chant is a musical prayer, and Gregorian chant is named after Pope Gregory I, who led the church and emphasized the importance of music in worship.

The Mass is a solemn liturgical service, with various parts like Introit, Kyrie, Gloria, and others forming the Ordinary and Proper of the Mass.

Elements of chant include the recitation tone, Psalm tone, and components like intonation, tenor, flex, mediant, and termination.

Ecclesiastical modes are melodic configurations with final and dominant notes, authentic modes like Dorian, and plagal modes like Hypodorian.

Neumes are early musical notations indicating melodic gestures, while ligatures signify performing multiple notes in a single gesture.

Troubadours composed poetry and music in southern France, focusing on themes like courtly love, while trouvères were similar performers in Northern France and England.

Loud, outdoor instruments in medieval music.

Soft, indoor instruments, including all string instruments.

Also known as viuola or fiedel, with gut or silk strings.

Early polyphonic music adding new lines to existing chant.

Involving parallel octaves, fourths, and fifths.

Music handbook from around 900 AD for parallel organum.

First known composer of polyphonic music.

System based on long and breve notes in medieval music.

Known for complex discant clausulae in polyphonic music.

Polytextual music with voices above the tenor.

Musical treatise introducing mensuration in the 14th century.

Repetition of fixed rhythmic values in polyphonic music.

Standardized musical forms like ballade, virelai, and rondeau.

Cadence with the seventh note a whole tone below the final.

Chromatic alterations in medieval music to avoid tri-tones.