AP Psych Unit 1

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Every person that could be involved in a study.

a representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

the controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

a branch of psychology that studies all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

a statement of the procedures used to define research variables

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1)

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables

the perception of a relationship where none exists

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.

a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants

professional organization representing psychologists in the United States.

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon

An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.

an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system

An approach to psychology centered on ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.

An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.

An approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.

An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.

the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

A committee designated to approve, monitor, and review experiments ranging from biology to psychology so that researchers do not break the principles in research.

A committee that is responsible for reviewing and approving research proposals that involve the use of animals.