Digestion and Absorption

________ is produced by protein deficiency unaccompanied by calorie deficiency.

A(n) ________ called epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the glottis- opening of the windpipe- during swallowing.

________ are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal.

________ is a proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins.

The ________ controls the passage of food into the stomach.

________ affects infants and children to produce Marasmus and Kwashiorkar.

The ________ has goblet cells that secrete mucus that help in lubrication.

The ________ leads into a short pharynx which serves as a common passage for food and air.

________ in saliva helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.

The causes of indigestion are ________, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating, and spicy food.

The pancreas is a compound (both exocrine and endocrine) elongated organ situated between the limbs of the ________ shaped duodenum.

________ present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections.

The ________, solidified into coherent faeces in the rectum initiate a neural reflex causing an urge or desire for its removal.

In ________, protein deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs results, the skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled.

A(n) ________ (gastro- oesophageal) regulates the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.

The ________ performs two major functions, mastication of food and facilitation of swallowing.

A(n) ________ has 32 permanent teeth which are of four different types (Heterodont dentition), namely, incisors (I), canine (C), premolars (PM), and molars (M)

The mucus and bicarbonates present in ________ play an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.

The liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to the ________ pigments.

________ is mainly produced by three pairs of salivary glands, the parotids (cheek), the submaxillary /sub- mandibular (lower jaw), and the sub- linguals (below the tongue)

The esophagus is a thin, ________ that extends posteriorly passing through the neck, thorax, and diaphragm, and leads to a ‘ J shaped bag- like structure called the stomach.

________ provides the acidic pH (pH 1.8) optimal for pepsins.

The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and ________), bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids but no enzymes.

The cells lining the villi produce ________ projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance.

It results from the ________ milk by a high calorielow protein diet in a child more than one year in age.

________ is formed by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer.

The ________ is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.

the mouth, and it opens out posteriorly through the anus

a cardiac portion into which the esophagus opens, a fundic region, a body (main central region), and a pyloric portion which opens into the first part of the small intestine

an ascending, a transverse, descending part, and a sigmoid colon

maltose