A substance with a uniform and constant composition

pure substance composed of only one type of atom

pure substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio

2 or more pure substances that are physically combined in varying proportions and can be separated physically

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture.

When a substance is completely dissolved in water.

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

standard temperature and pressure

273K or 0C

101.3 kPa or 1 atm

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume.

Unit of measuring pressure.

contain liquids, may be heated, good for swirling, commonly used in titrations

contain liquids, may be heated

contain small amounts of liquids and solids, observe microscale reactions

measure liquid volume, various sizes

contain liquids and solids

cover beaker or evaporating dish to prevent splattering, sometimes used evaporate solutions.

transfer and filter solutions

stir solutions; transfer precipitates

transfer liquids

used grind or pulverize solids

heat source

support equipment and glassware

support equipment and glassware

transfer crucibles (and hot glassware)

measure temperature

clean glassware

hold test tubes

transfer solids

measure liquid volume, accurate to the 100th mL, commonly used in titration

heat source

hold test tubes (held by person)

hold beaker

must be worn in lab to protect eyes from splashes

special paper used to separate solids from liquids, placed in a funnel

used to measure mass

air pressure

pressure created from particle collisions on the side of a container

When vapor pressure equals atmospheric temperature.

1. Small, hard spheres.

2. Particle size does not matter compared to distance between particles.

3. Particles move in random, straight motions.

4. There are no intermolecular forces between particles.

5. When particles collide, they transfer energy and bounce apart.

A gas where all assumptions of the KMT are true. (high temperature & low pressure)

different phases occurring at the same rate.

Forces of attraction between molecules.

Stored energy

energy in motion

random motion of particles

The amount of heat that is released/absorbed.

1. Heat is released

2. Enthalpy decreases

3. surrounding environment becomes warmer

1. Heat is absorbed

2. Enthalpy increases

3. surrounding environment becomes colder

the measure of disorder of a system. (randomness of the system)

phase change from a gas to solid

phase change from a solid to gas

Another term for heat or energy.

The randomness or disorder of a system.

Stored energy

Energy in motion

The type of energy that flows from one substance to another due to their temperature differences.

Phase change from liquid to gas.

Phase change from gas to liquid.

The amount of heat needed to melt 1 gram of a solid.

The amount of heat needed to vaporize 1 gram of a liquid.

The amount of heat needed to change a substance of 1 gram by 1 degree celsius.

Average kinetic energy.

Atomos

Hard Sphere Model

Chocolate Chip Cookie Model or Plum Pudding Model

Nuclear Model

Planetary Model

Quantum Model or Wave Mechanical Model

+1

1 atomic mass unit

Nucleus

0

1 atomic mass unit

Nucleus

-1

1/2000 or 0 amu

orbitals

Positive

0

of electrons

of protons

Does not depend on the amount of mass

Depends on the amount of mass present in sample