Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties

________ are larger than atoms because the atom has an overall negative charge, increasing the amount of electron- electron repulsions.

A(n) ________ (PES) is a graph of the ionization energies for all electrons when ejected from the nucleus.

________ have significantly less mass than protons and neutrons and do not contribute to the mass.

________ is how much an elements nucleus attracts electrons.

________ are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons, but same amount of protons.

________ (M) expresses the concentration of a solution in terms of volume.

________ is the percent by mass of each element in a compound.

________ says electrons must fill up orbitals, subshells, and shells in order of increasing energy.

When electrons absorb ________, a form of energy, the electrons can jump to higher energy levels.

The ________ serves the purpose of understanding atomic structure rather than structural accuracy.

________ is the number of atoms in a single mole of any given element.

The ________ is the attraction between opposite charges and the strength can vary depending on now for the charges are from each other.

A(n) ________ is the shape of the space an electron can be found in.

Once a shell is empty, the ________ greatly increases because it is closer to the nucleus.

determines the average mass for different isotopes of a specific element

the closer an electron is to the nucleus, the stronger the attraction and the less potential energy there is.

________ states that when two electrons fill up an orbital, they must spin in opposite directions: clockwise and counterclockwise.

________ states that when electrons are filling the orbitals of the subshell, they will only have two in one orbital when it is not possible to have each electron in its own orbital.

electrons in the outermost shell of an element

an ion that is positively charged after giving up an electron