western civ final exam

what was Martin Luther’s main disagreement with the church?

what king of Spain ordered the Spanish armada to invade England?

Who developed a movable type of printing?

what famous renaissance artist painted the last supper?

who wrote Eutopia and was beheaded by Henry the 8th?

who was the conquistador who conquered the Aztecs of Central America?

what was not a result of the Peace of Westphalia?

what was the rebirth of greco roman culture called?

what king broke the catholic church over the issue of divorce?

what protestant reformer was associated with predestination?

the estates general gave the right to which French king the right to levy taxes annually?

the result of the french wars of religion was that Henry the 4th of Navarre took the throne and issued what that allowed Huguenots the right to worship

spiritually and psychological Martin Luther was tortured by a sense of his own what?

what European nation started exploration first by sea?

how many africans were brought to the Americas between the 16-19th centuries in slavery?

what war was it that was between the Bourbon dynasty of France and the Habsburg dynasty of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire?

10000 BC; began as a social and economic revolution which was farming and agriculture

where have the earliest examples of civilized societies been found?

what did the Phoenicians create?

what two city states would become the 2 most important greek city states?

wrote about the Peloponnesian war

what 3 great societies emerged in the ancient near east?

what were the 3 major components of the Hebrew religion?

what does Augustus mean?

What 2 cities did the Punic Wars involve?

what is “Punic” the latin word for?

as a result of a vision before the Battle of Milvian bridge in 313 AD, Constantine issued the

a period in the history of western civilization which began with the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West in 476 AD and ended with the Renaissance of the 15th century

who was the first Holy Roman Emperor that was crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 AD?

what religion is Mohammed credited for?

where was Mohammed from?

a political system where the weak sought protection and sustenance from powerful local lords and nobles

an economic system based on landed estates; it was a chief characteristic of the feudal economy

what was the major purpose of the Crusades?

who called the first crusade in 1096?

a series of Holy Wars that lasted throughout the 12th and 13th centuries

was known for his classical writings on political behavior and maintained that the prince must combine ruthlessness and intelligence for the good of the state; wrote The Prince

Michelangelo painted this; a 10,000 sq foot mural depicting biblical scenes from creation to the flood

1454-1585, a 30 year civil war

a Lancastrian general who would come to the throne of England in 1485 largely because he won the War of the Roses

the period from 1447-1527; popes were concerned with non-religious matters

who were concerned largely with non-religious matters and tried to substitute splendor for reform?

began when German priest Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses to the walls of the church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517

an English theologian who has often been called the “morning star of the Reformation”

a fleet of 132 ships armed with 3,165 cannons

the first person to sail around the world proving once and for all that the world is a globe

was between the forces of the king (cavaliers) against the forces of the Parliament (roundheads); ended with the execution of Charles I

what is the notion that nations must strive to create a favorable balance of trade, meaning that exports must always exceed imports?

the principle developed during the Italian Renaissance that government officials should be elected by people or a portion of the people

a rich Florentine banker who effectively took control of the Florentine Republic in 1434 and ushered in a period known as the Medicean Age

grandson of Cosimo who actively intervened in state affairs

also known as Francesco Petrarca, was responsible for the recovery of numerous works of classical Latin Roman writers

Machiavelli wrote it; the prince acts on behalf of the state and for the sake of the state must be willing to let his conscience sleep

most famous work was a statue of David

The School of Athens; painter and architect, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings

the unification of Spain occurred due to the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and who?

an annual direct tax that gave the French monarchy a great deal of power

who established a school for navigators in 1419?

who reached the Bahamas instead of India? (1492)

he set out from Panama with 180 men and 30 horses and also captured and held hostage the Inca Emperor Atahualpa; he overthrew the Incan Empire

a royal grant awarded to a Spaniard for military or other services that gave the grantee and his successors the right to gather tribute from the Indians in a defined area; it exploited natives with forced labor

a dominican friar who advocated for Native Americans and their treatment which brought reforms

causes of the reformation

a Dutch humanist whose writings influenced the church reform movement

Luther’s teaching that righteousness before God comes from God alone, not from a combination of God’s grace and good works

ruled the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Spanish America and wanted to preserve the unity of the Catholic Church; he was an enemy of Francis I of France

the division of christianity was acknowledged and Lutherans had the same legal rights as Catholics; gave the right of each German ruler to determine the religion of his subjects

belief that since God, the all-knowing and all powerful being, knew everything in advance and caused everything to happen that the salvation of any individual was predetermined

what did Queen Elizabeth I establish?

most important reforming pope of the Catholic Church; he called the Council of Trent

was called as a response to the Reformation; reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings

the dramatic increase in the judicial prosecution of alleged witches in either Church or secular courts from the mid-16th century to the mid-17th century

calling upon evil spirits to gain access to power

involved the manipulation of occult forces believed to exist in nature

converted to Catholicism and issued the Edict of Nantes