Chapter 3: Data

are grouped to represent abstractions.

find common features to generalize the program.

has values that change smoothly over time, rather than in discrete intervals.

is an analog signal that has been broken up into steps.

is an abstraction inside a program that can hold a value.

can be a list or other collection that, in turn, contains multiple values.

occurs when the result of a computation is too large for the available storage space.

occurs when decimals (real numbers) are rounded.

is reducing the size (number of bits) of transmitted or stored data.

often involves trade-offs in quality versus storage requirements.

can significantly reduce the file size while decreasing resolution.

no data are lost.

is the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

is a process that makes the data uniform without changing their meaning.

use information collected from big data to influence our daily lives.

tools can communicate information about data.

arise through the mass collection of data

when used within a program, helps you find the approximate geographic location of an IP address along with some other useful information, including ISP, time zone, area code, state, and so on.

are data that describe your data